Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2: Oral Medicine > Hepatitis, HIV & AIDS > Flashcards

Hepatitis, HIV & AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical features of hepatitis A?

A

Incubation period 2-7 wks
Illness brief and self-limiting
Mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the vaccine for hepatitis A?

A

Formaldehyde-inactivated
Prepared from the GBM or HM175 strain of hep A
Single dose - antibody for 1 year
Booster dose at 6 to 12 mnths - immunity for 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is there a vaccine for hepatitis B?

A

There is an effective vaccine but not an effective treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many subtypes of hepatitis B are there?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the hepatitis B surface antigen? (HBsAg)

A

Produced when the virus replicates

Not actually infectious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the hepatitis Be antigen? (HBeAg)

A

Derived from HBcAg (hep B core antigen)
Present in plasma
Marker of high infectivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which hepatitis virus is not typically transmitted via the blood?

A

Hepatitis A.

Transmitted via the faecal-oral route, person to person, food-borne and water-borne.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

A

Blood-borne - IV drug use, haemodialysis
Sexual
Perinatal - infants born to infected mothers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Who is at risk of contracting HBV?

A

Neonates - 90 to 100% immune system not fully developed
Children - 20 to 40%
HIV positive - 21%
Adults -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

HBV can be acute or develop into chronic disease, what does this entail?

A

Chronic persistent/active hepatitis leads to:
Cirrhosis
Extrahepatic disease e.g. glomerulonephritis
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can your body naturally recover from HBV?

A

Anti-HBe and andti-HBs are produced inhibiting the production of HBeAg and HBsAg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the immunisation options for HBV?

A

Passive - HB immunoglobulin, used for single acute exposure in non immune individual within 48hrs
Vaccine - highly immunogenic, no booster required if person responds
Active - HBsAg adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide adjuvant administered intramuscularly, 3 doses (0, 1, 6 months), protection is good, response not always good

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Tx for HBV?

A

Aim is to achieve sustained viral suppression
IV interferon
Lamivudine
Adefovir
Entecavir
Response to Tx is variable and often disappointing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many genotypes is there of HCV?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Is there a vaccine for HCV?

A

No vaccine available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the Tx for HCV?

A

No completely effective Tx.
Interferon alpha in combo with ribavirin, plus boceprevir or telaprevir.
Duration varies depending on the genotype - longer for genotype 1.

17
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A

Blood - IV drug use, organ/tissue transplant
Sexual
Vertical - mother to child
Undefined routes - saliva?

18
Q

What are the clinical features of acute HCV?

A

Mild

25% experience jaundice

19
Q

What are the clinical features of chronic HCV?

A

Indolent & slow progression over 20 years
Mild hepatitis to cirrhosis
Link with Hepatocellular carcinoma

20
Q

How would you diagnose HCV?

A

ELISA - enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
RIBA - recombinant immunoblot assay
PCR - for detection of HCV RNA (viral genome)
Liver biopsy

21
Q

What is hepatitis delta virus?

A

Defective small RNA virus
Can only cause disease in association with hep B as it produces its antigen coat
Vaccine & Tx for hep B also protect against hep D

22
Q

How is HDV transmitted?

A

bodily fluids

23
Q

What is hepatitis E?

A

Very similar to hep A but there is no vaccine

24
Q

How is hep E spread?

A

Faecally contaminated drinking water

Epidemic and sporadic forms

25
Q

What are the clinical features of hep E?

A

Mainly young adults (15-40 years)
Usually self-limiting acute disease
High mortality (up to 20%) in pregnancy
No chronic disease

26
Q

If a dentist contracts Hep C can they still practice?

A

No

27
Q

If a dentist contracts Hep B can they still practice?

A

No if HbeAg +ve.

Yes if HbeAg -ve & HBsAg +ve.
Viral load must be

28
Q

If a dentist contracts HIV can they still practise?

A

Yes.

Must be on cART & plasma viral load

29
Q

What should you do in the event of a needle-stick injury?

A

Encourage bleeding by squeezing and applying pressure
Wash (DO NOT scrub) with warm water and soap
Assess injury - deep, shallow, clean?
Assess risk of blood source
Report according to local policies
Prophylaxis if necessary/available

30
Q

What’s more infective - Hep B or HIV?

A

Hep B is 100x more infective than HIV

BDS2: Oral Medicine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions