Oral Soft Tissues Flashcards
What are the 6 main things that associated with the anatomy of the neck?
Skin
Bone, cartilage
Muscles
Vessels
Lymph nodes
Salivary glands
What are the lines on the skin called?
Langer’s lines
Where is the mastoid process found?
Behind the ear and attached is the cranial head of the sternocleidomastoid
What is the larynx and what is attached to it?
voice box, moves when you swallow. (Thyroid is attached to the larynx so if there is a thyroid lump it will move when pt swallows).
where is the hyoid bone?
Above the larynx, below the lower border of the mandible. Movable from side to side.
Where are the lateral processes of C1 and C2?
behind the hyoid bone?
where do the clavicles meet?
at the sternal notch
what are the types of muscles are present in the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) → starts from mastoid to the sternal notch.
Trapezius → Big muscle at the back
Platysma → Seen if grimacing(contracting), strands of platysma , very superficial
What are the carotid arteries?
common carotid of aortic arch branches off at external and internal carotid
what does the external carotid supply to ?
supplies to face
what does the internal carotid supply to ?
supplies to brain and meninges
what is the facial artery a branch of ?
external carotid artery
what is the superficial temporal artery and where is it?
above your ear , terminal branch of external carotid artery
What is the jugular vein?
drains blood from head and neck.
can you palpate the jugular vein?
NOT PALPABLE OR VISIBLE!
what is the role of lymph nodes?
Filtering bacteria and foreign objects and alerts the immune system of when to respond.
What are the 2 types of triangles in the neck?
anterior and posterior
What is the landmark associated with the triangles of the neck?
sternocleidomastoid
what are the 4 way of examining the neck?
Observation (mainly this)
Palpation (mainly this)
Auscultation
(Percussion)
What is the OBSERVATION during neck examination?
Scars → if they’ve had glands removed etc
Obvious lumps/deformity
Use of accessory muscles → help with breathing
What is the PALPATION during neck examination?
Stand behind the patient, patient needs to be relaxed and not tensed
Start with submental → submandibular → retromandibular → parotid → sternomastoid → sternal notch → laterally to supraclavicular nodes → trapezius → back to posterior triangle in the occipital lymph nodes
What things do you look for describing lumps?
Site: where is it? Where in the triangle?
Size: how big is it?
Surface: smooth/uneven?
Consistency: soft, hard, rubbery, bony hard?
Mobility: Attached to deep structures or skin? Mobile is reassuring but if attached then worrying.
Overlying skin: erythema, ulceration?
Pulsatile: is it an artery?
What are the features of the tongue?
covered with filiform papillae (hairline projections of the epithelium). Can also get fungiform papillae but not as abundant as filiform papillae.
What are the types of tonsils?
pharyngeal tonsils
lingual tonsils
tonsil crytps
tonsil stones
what are Fordyce spots and where are they found?
known as ectopic sebaceous glands mainly found in buccal mucosa or lips
what is the occlusal line?
where teeth occlude it can catch the buccal mucosa and normally bilateral
what causes the black hairy tongue and where is it found on the tongue?
caused by extension of long filiform papillae and between there is clusters of bacteria which produce pigment or trap pigment in food. Usually found in the dorsum of the tongue
what is the geographic tongue?
asymptomatic, looks like a map and can be mobile. Normally asymptomatic but can be sensitive
what causes the median rhomboid glossitis?
because of structures of the developing tongue between the anterior ⅔ and posterior ⅓ in the tongue . Normally asymptomatic but can be sensitive
what is the parotid duct called?
Stensen’s duct
what is the submandibular duct called?
Wharton’s duct.
what scale is used to check for dry mouth?
Challacombe scale
what is classified as mild dryness?
1-3 mirror stick to mucosa, saliva frothing
what is classified as moderate dryness?
4-6 no saliva pooling in floor of mouth, short papillae on tongue
what is classified as severe dryness?
7-10 glossy appearance of tongue, may appear lobulated/fissure, cervical caries, debris sticking on palate
