ORAL PHYSIOLOGY Flashcards by Dwaine Villalobos

Mylase in saliva initiates digestion of _________

carbohydrates

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Application of excessive heat to a tooth results in pain because _________

heat receptors in the pulp have low threshold to pain

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Characteristics of saliva (3)

high sodium and bicarbonate ions
low sodium and chloride concentrations
its production is inhibited by vagotomy

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Digestive action of saliva on starch results from __________

ptyalin

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Characteristics of saliva (4)

high K+ concentration
large volume of secretion relative to the weight of the glands
both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation increase its flow
hypotonic

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Teeth require adjacent and opposing contacts of _______

positive but passive nature

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In the intercuspal position, the lingual cusp of the mandibular first premolar usually occludes _________

with no maxillary tooth

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In an ideal intercuspal position, the distobuccal cusp of a maxillary second molar _________

lies in the buccal embrasure between the mandibular second and third molar

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In an ideal intercuspal position, the distal cusp of a mandibular first molar

relates to the distal fossa of the maxillary first molar

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The normal relation of the maxillary permanent first molar to the mandibular arch, in the intercuspal position, is established when ____________

the mesiolingual cusp falls in the central fossa of the manidbular first molar

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In ideal occlusion, buccal cusps of maxillary teeth occlude with _________

grooves and embrasures

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Produced in reaction to various stimuli as attrition, caries dental procedure?

reparative dentin

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Muscles of the tongue are supplied by __________

hypoglossal

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Papillae of the tongue where the taste buds predominantly located

circumvallate

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Muscle that draws the tongue backwards

styloglossus muscle

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Muscle that produces protrusion of the tongue from oral orifice

genioglossus

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Extrinsic muscles of the tongue (4)

genioglossus
hyoglossus
styloglossus
palatoglossus

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Vestibule of the mouth is bounded by (4)

lips
cheeks
gingiva
teeth

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Nasal cavity is closed off from oropharynx during swallowing by ___________

contraction of tensor and levatorpalati muscles

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Functions of the teeth (3)

mastication
foundation for vertical dimension of the face
phonation

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Tooth that is known to be corner stone of the dental arch helps control how the teeth slide on and off each other and often has the longest root. The function is to tear and puncture

canines

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TRUE OR FALSE: teeth weakest in shear (lateral forces)

true

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Periodontal ligament structure and function (3)

Attaches the tooth to alveolar bone
Tension transmitted through the PDL appears to stimulate cementum deposition
Absorb and resist the forces of occlusion

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Professional with specialized training who works on rehabilitation of disordered speech and swallowing

speech pathologist

Stensen's duct passes forward to masseter muscle, enters the oral cavity through buccinator muscle, opens at the parotid papilla on the mucosa opposite the __________

maxillary second molar

Pure serous gland

parotid gland

Comes from the gingival connective tissue, helps to the mechanical cleaning of the sulcus, and has antimicrobial properties

gingival fluid

Takes place after the teeth are functioning to maintain the position of the eruptive tooth in occlusion while the jaws are continuing to grow and compensate for occlusal and proximal tooth wear

post-eruptive phase

After removal of overlying bone, there is loss of the intervening soft tissue between what epithelium?

reduced enamel epithelium and oral epithelium

Alveolar bone proper is the bone lining the tooth socket, in clinical radiographic terms __________

lamina dura

Functions of oral mucosa (4)

sensation secretion thermal regulation protection

Oral epithelium consists of _________

stratified squamous

Masticatory mucosa are inflexible, tough, resistant to abrasion and tightly bound to lamina propria

hard palate

Muscles that permit the tongue to create shapes (such as curling) and move from cheek to cheek

intrinsic muscles within the tongue

Serves as spillways of food during mastication

embrasures

To punch and cut food

incisors

It is for the maintenance of space and arch continuity, as well as normal facial appearance, normal speech development, and sustenance of child

deciduous dentition

It tenses the soft palate and opens mouth of auditory tube during swallowing and yawning

tensor veli palatini

Raises the corner of the mouth when smiling

zygomaticus major and minor

Tongue surface moves upward, gradually expanding the area of tongue-palate contact from anterior to posterior

oral preparatory stage

Muscle that depresses the mandible

external pterygoid

Muscles of mastication are innervated by ________

trigeminal nerve

Mesial incline of the maxillary canine occludes anteriorly with the distal incline of the mandibular canine

Class I canine relationship

Sequence of eruption of the primary teeth

ABDCE

Functions of saliva (4)

cleaning the mouth killing bacteria facilitation of speech digestion of lipids

Facial expression muscle that helps in mastication by keeping food pushed back within oral cavity

buccinator

Stage of deglutition that has two phases

oral stage

Movement of food though the digestive tract

propulsion

Process of digestion that involves breaking down food substances into smaller particles to undergo chemical digestion

mechanical digestion

The only voluntary stage of deglutition

oral stage

Synovial fluid that lubricates a synovial joint is produced by ________

synovial membrane

TMJ articulation based on the amount of motion they allow

diarthroses

A patient has suffered anterior dislocation of their TMJ. What structure is at greatest risk of damage?

auriculotemporal nerve

If chorda tympani is severed, there is

loss of taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue

Articulating surfaces of the entire TMJ are covered primarily by _________

intraelastic cartilage

Structure intervening between the articulating bones of the TMJ is called ___________

articular disk

Derives its name from the two bones involved in the joint, makes possible the movements of the mandible, associated with all movements of the mandible and function of teeth, structures include four ligaments, and varies widely from person to person

temporomandibular joint

Prickle cells are found in _____________

stratified squamous epithelium

Papillae of the tongue which are the largest, least numerous, have many taste buds, and are associated with the ducts of von Ebner's glands

circumvallate

Pillars of the fauces are formed by mucosa and the underlying palatoglossus and __________

palatopharyngeus muscle

Lingual of the mandible serves as an attachment for the ________

sphenomandibular ligament

Insertion of lateral pterygoid muscle is into the _____________

articular disk of TMJ and mandibular neck

Palatine tonsil lies between arches formed by the _________

palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles

For every contact area, there is/are:

four embrasures

Supports neighboring teeth, which thereby stabilizes the dental arch; prevent food particles from entering the interproximal areas; protects the interdental papillae of the gingiva by shunting food toward the buccal lingual areas; and they form embrasures

proximal contact areas

Portion of the gingiva that fills the interproximal space

interdental space

Chewing surface of posterior teeth

occlusal surface

V-shaped area located between the contact point of two teeth and the crest

embrasure

When the mandible is in its physiologic or postural position, the contact of teeth is __________

not present

When a mandibular movement to the right is performed, what condyle moves forward, downward, and medially?

non-working condyle (left)

This relationship of the bones of the upper and lower jaws without tooth contact. The presence or absence of teeth or the type of occlusion or malocclusion, are not factors

centric relation

Vertical distance by which maxillary incisors overlap the mandibular incisors

overbite

Type of oral mucosa that covers the dorsum of the tongue

specialized mucosa

All posterior teeth have proximal contacts in the _________

middle third

Both maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars have heights of contour approximately in the middle third on the _____________

lingual surface of the crown

When viewed from occlusal, all posterior teeth have their contacts (mesial and distal) ___________

slightly buccal of the middle third

Permanent teeth that occlude with only one tooth in the opposite jaw, assuming ideal relations exist

mandibular central incisors

Ligament that is the only one that gives direct support to the capsule of the TMJ

temporomandibular ligament

Muscle that has fibers that insert into the neck of the mandibular condyle and into the capsule and articular disc of the TMJ

lateral pterygoid

Structure associated with the TMJ that is fibrous, saddle-shaped and separates the condyle and the temporal bone

articular disc (meniscus)

Dislocation of the TMJ is almost always __________

anteriorly and occurs while laughing or yawning

Articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered with _________

dense fibrous connective tissue

Structures that make up the articulating parts of each TMJ (3)

mandibular condyle articular fossa and articular eminence articular disc (meniscus)

TMJ is a __________

combined hinge and gliding (sliding) joint

Rotational movement takes place in what part of TMJ

lower (condyle-articular disc) compartment

What encloses the TMJ like a tube?

Glisson's capsule

Maximum opening of mouth

50-60 mm

Maximum lateral movement of the TMJ

10-12 mm

Maximum protrusive movement

8-11 mm

A patient comes into your dental office complaining of chewing difficulties. When asked to protrude his mandible, the mandible markedly deviates to the right. What muscle, which inserts fibers into the capsule and articular disc of the TMJ, is most likely damaged?

right lateral pterygoid muscle

Maximum contact between occlusal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular teeth

intercuspal (central) occlusal

Biting on pipe or musical instruments, thumb sucking, and large tongue or tongue thrusting may cause _________

anterior open bite

Position of teeth is determined by (3)

Physiologic muscle force Occlusal contact and force on proximal surface Oral habits and large tongue and tongue thrusting

Primary function of dental pulp

form dentin

When the mandible is in its physiologic rest or postural position, the contact of teeth is _______

not present