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4th Yr- CCD2-Clinical > Oral pathology in children > Flashcards

Oral pathology in children Flashcards

1
Q

What are natal teeth

A

Teeth at birth

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2
Q

What are Neo natal teeth

A

They are teeth that appear within 30 days of birth

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3
Q

How common are natal teeth

A

1 in 2000

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4
Q

How common are neonatal teeth

A

1 IN 3500

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5
Q

Where are natal and neonatal teeth most common

A

Mandibular midline

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6
Q

What are the problems associated with natal/neonatal teeth

A
  1. If mobile then risk of aspiration
  2. Breast feeding
  3. Riga-fede ulceration
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7
Q

How can we treat natal/neonatal teeth

A

Extract if any risks

Minitor

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8
Q

List some oral pathology that can be present in new borns

A
  1. Dental lamina cysts
  2. Bohns nodules
  3. Epsteins pearls
  4. Congenital epulis of new-born
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9
Q

Where are dental lamina cysts found

A

At the crest of ridges

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10
Q

What are bohns nodules

A

They are remnants of the dental lamina

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11
Q

Where are Bohns nodules usually found

A

Maxillary alveolar ridge

Salivary grand remnants

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12
Q

Where are Epstein’s pearls found

A

Hard palate

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13
Q

What are Epstein’s pearls

A

Epithelial remnants

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14
Q

Descrive congenita espuli of newborns

A

They are benign and can be found on the alveolar ridge

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15
Q

How do we treat congenital puli of newborns

A

Simple excision

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16
Q

When do children start teething

A

9 months

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17
Q

What are some problems associated with teething

A
  1. Irritability
  2. Rash
  3. Drooling
  4. Systemic upset
  5. Temperature
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18
Q

How can we manage teething

A
  1. Teething toys

2. Analgesics

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19
Q

Describe eruptions cysts

A

They are bluish in colour, filled with fluid usually found overlying the erupting teeth

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20
Q

How do we treat eruption cysts

A

Usually self limiting but very rarely become infected

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21
Q

What is regional odontodysplasia

A

Ghost teeth

V ery rare

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22
Q

What does regional odontodysplasia affect

A

Both dentitions in one areas/ quadrant

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23
Q

What happens in regional odontodysplasia

A

Gross malformation of enamel and dentine possibly due to disruption in blood supply early in development

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24
Q

Talk through reasons we can have premature loss of primary teeth

A
  1. Local reasons such as infection (caries) or trauma

2. Systemic aetiology

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25
Q

Give examples of systemic aetiology that can lead to premature loss of primary teeth

A
  1. Structural defects

2. Cellular defects

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26
Q

Give examples of structural defects that can lead to premature loss of primary teeth

A
  1. Alveolar bone loss
  2. Periodontal ligament Defects
  3. Cementum defects
27
Q

What can cause alveolar bone destruction

A
  1. Langerhan cell histocytosis

2. Acrodynia

28
Q

What can cause periodontal ligament defects

A
  1. Ehlers danlos

2. Vitamin C deficiency

29
Q

What can cause cementum defects

A

Hypophophatasia

30
Q

The defect in which cell can lead to premature primary tooth loss

A

Neutrophil defect

31
Q

How can neutrophils be defected

A
  1. Quantitive (less of them)

2. Qualitative

32
Q

What can lead to a quantitive defect in neutrophils

A
  1. Cyclic neutropenia

2. Aplastic anaemia

33
Q

What can lead to a qualitative defect in neutrophils

A
  1. Chediak Higashi
  2. Papilion lefevre
  3. Leucocyte adhesion deficiency
34
Q

What are epulids

A

Lump or swelling on the gingiva

35
Q

Descriev pyogenic granulomas

A

They are very vascular and develop secondary to chronic irritation

36
Q

What is the end stage of a pyogenic granuloma

A

Fibroepithelial polyp

37
Q

Describe peripheral giant cell granulomas

A

They are very haemorrhage

Darker in colour than pyogenic granulomas

38
Q

Describe geographic tongue

A

Characteristic area of erosion
Whitish margins
Disappears and reappears
Occasionally symptomatic

39
Q

What does gingival hyperplasia usually occur secondary to

A

Drug / medication use

40
Q

Give examples fo medication that can cause drug induced hyperplasia

A
  1. Phenytoin
  2. Cyclosporin A
  3. Nifedipine
41
Q

What is phenytoin

A

An anti convulsant used to manage epilepsy

42
Q

What is cyclosporin A used for

A

It is an immunosuppressant

43
Q

what is nifedipine

A

an anti hypertensive

44
Q

How do we manage gingival hyperplasia

A
  1. Maintain oral hygiene
  2. Chlorhexidine mouth rinses
  3. Gingivectomy
  4. Drug choice
45
Q

What is a mucocele

A

A mucous extraneous cyst

46
Q

Why do mucocele cysts form

A

Due to damage to minor salivary gland causing leakage of saliva into tissues

47
Q

What is a ranula

A

A mucous cyst in the floor of the mouth

48
Q

Why do ranulas form

A

Usually secondary to damage to the duct

49
Q

What is an oral ulceration

A

Localised defect of the oral mucosa in which the covering epithelium is destroyed leaving an inflamed area of exposed connective tissue

50
Q

Talk through the surgical sieve

A
  1. Infective?
  2. Traumatic?
  3. Neoplastic?
  4. Immunological?
  5. Nutritional?
  6. Inflammatory?
51
Q

What is orofacial granulomatosis

A

Perioral and gingival swelling assocated with crohns disease

52
Q

What is recurrent apathous ulceration associated with

A
  1. Increased stress
  2. Nutritional deficiency status
  3. Trauma
53
Q

What is the treatment of recurrent apathous ulceration dependant on

A

Symptoms

54
Q

How do we treat recurrent apathous ulceration

A
  1. Address nutritional deficiencies
  2. Chlorohexidine to prevent secondary caries
  3. Corlan tablets or adcortyl for anti inflammation
  4. Difflam if systomatic
55
Q

What can bacterial infection lead to

A

Bacterial abcess

56
Q

How do we treat severer odontogenic infections

A
  1. Admission to hospital
  2. IV antibiotics
  3. Removal of tooth
  4. Drainage of pus
57
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis caused by

A

Herpes simplex type 1

58
Q

What is the incubation period of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

3-5 days

59
Q

At what age does the incidence of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis peak

A

14 months

60
Q

What isprimary herpetic gingivostomatitis characterised by

A
  1. Fever
  2. Irritability
  3. Malaise
  4. Vesicles on the tongue that rupture to form ulcers
61
Q

How do we treat primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

A
  1. Paracetamol and the analgesic
  2. Mouth rinses
  3. Fluids
62
Q

What can cold sores be triggered by

A
  1. Stress
  2. Illness
  3. Sunlight
63
Q

Give examples of viral infections that can affect the oral cavity

A
  1. Herpangina
  2. Hand foot mouth
  3. Chicken pox
  4. Mumps
  5. Measles
  6. Epstein barr
64
Q

Give examples of fungal infections that can affect the oral cavity

A
  1. Acute psuefomembranous candidiasis

4th Yr- CCD2-Clinical (6 decks)

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