Oral Pathology Flashcards
What causes a cleft lip?
- lack of fusion between medial nasal process and maxillary process
What causes a cleft palate?
- lack of fusion between palatal shelves
Clefts + pits = ??
Van der Woude Syndrome
- white or whitish-gray edematous lesion of buccal mucosa
- dissipates when cheek is stretched
Leukoedema
White annular (ringed) lesions surrounding central red islands that migrate over time
Geographic tongue AKA benign migratory glossitis
Folds and furrows of tongue dorsum
fissured tongue
Fissured tongue + granulomatous cheilitis + facial paralysis = ??
Melkersson- Rosenthal Syndrome
- Mels bells = facial paralysis
- Rosy Red = granulomatous cheilitis
Congenital focal proliferation of capillaries
hemangioma
congenital focal proliferation of lymph vessels
- lymphangioma
- very rare
- when on neck it is called cystic hygroma
Angiomas of leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater) + skin along the distribution of trigeminal nerve = ??
Sturge-Weber syndrome
- mass in midline floor of mouth
- doughy consistency
dermoid cyst
- lateral neck swelling
- epithelial cyst within lymph node of neck
branchial cyst
- epithelial cyst within lymphoid tissue of oral mucosa
- palatine and lingual tonsils are common
oral lymphoepithelial cyst
- radiolucency in posterior mandible BELOW mandibular canal
- due to lingual concavity of the jaw
Stafne Bone Defect
- Heart-shaped radiolucency in nasopalatine canal
Nasopalatine duct cyst
- Term denoting any radiolucency between maxillary canine and lateral incisor
Globulomaxillary lesion
- Large radiolucency SCALLOPED AROUND ROOTS
- no epithelial lining
- usually associated with jaw trauma
Traumatic Bone Cyst
- red dots, inflamed salivary duct openings
nicotine stomatitis
- brown, diffuse, irregular macules
- typically seen in anterior gingiva
smoking-associated melanosis
- benign hyperpigmentation in mucous membrane
- basically a freckle of mucosa
Melanotic macule
freckles + intestinal polyps = ??
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
(PJs - Freckles - intestinal distress)
elongated filiform papillae
Hairy Tongue
- commonly related to sodium lauryl sulfate
- toms of maine or Rembrandt toothpaste
Dentifrice-Associated Sloughing
Classes of submucosal hemorrhage (4)
- Petechiae = 1mm hemorrhages
- Purpura = slightly larger than petechiae
- Ecchymosis = 1 cm or bigger, bruise
- Hematoma = mass of blood within tissue, caused by trauma to oral mucosa
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Primary - pan-oral
- Recurrent - Keratinized
- 2 forms - Herpes Labialis - vermillion border
- Recurrent intraoral herpes - attached gingiva, hard palate
Tx - Acyclovir in Prodromal phase
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Primary - Chickenpox
- Recurrent - Shingles
Herpes zoster reactivation in geniculate ganglion affecting CN 7 and 8 resulting in facial paralysis, vertigo, deafness =
Ramsay Hunt Syndrome
- Hand food and mouth disease
- herpangina (posterior oral cavity
Coxsackie virus
What are Koplik’s spots? What virus causes them?
- buccal mucosa dot ulcers, precede skin rash
- Measles (Rubeola)
Benign epithelial pedunculated or sessile proliferation on skin or mucosa
papilloma (AKA wart)
common skin wart
verruca vulgaris
- HPV 6 and 11
- genital wart
Condyloma Acuminatum
- HPV 13 and 32
- multiple small dome-shaped warts on oral mucosa
Focal Epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease)
-epstein barr virus
- white patch on lateral tongue, does not wipe off
- opportunistic infection associated with HIV
- associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma
oral hairy leukoplakia
Treponema pallidum causes?
syphilis
Characteristics of syphilis
primary - chancre
secondary - oral mucous patch
tertiary - gumma (systemic)
Common characteristics of Actinomycosis
- caused by actinomyces israelii (NOT FUNGAL)
- Periapical - jaw infections
- cervicofacial - head and neck infections
- sulfur granules in purulent exudate
Characteristics of Scarlet Fever
- Group A strep (strep pyogenes)
- strawberry tongue = white coated tongue with red inflamed fungiform papillae
Characteristics of candidiasis
- AKA Thrush
- pseudomembranous = white plaque that rubs off
- atrophic = red
- Median rhomboid glossitis = loss of lingual papillae
- angular cheilitis = corner of mouth
- white patch that does not rub off
- Tx: biopsy
Leukoplakia
- clinical description, not a diagnosis
- Recurrent and warty
- HPV 16 and 18
- high risk of malignant transformation to SCC or verrucous carcinoma
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
- Red Patch
- higher risk than leukoplakia
- Tx: biopsy
Erythroplakia
- clinical description, not a diagnosis
Due to sun damage (UVB especially)
Actinic Cheilitis
White mucosal change in vestibule due to direct effects of smokeless tobacco and additives
Smokeless tobacco associated lesion
Nonkeratinized
Minor –> heal without scarring
Major –> heal with scarring
Sutton disease = AKA for Major form
Behcet’s syndrome
Aphthous Ulcer
Multisystem vasculitis that causes aphthous-type ulcers of oral and genital, and inflammation of eye
What is the treatment?
-Behcet’s Syndrome
-Corticosteroids
- Often on lips but can occur anywhere on skin and mucosa
- minor –> herpes simplex hypersensitivity
- major –> drug sensitivity (AKA stevens-johnson syndrome)
Erythema Multiforme
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Another name for the major form of erythema multiforme
- Allergic reaction to drug or food contact
- diffuse swelling of lips, neck or face
- mediated by mast cell release of IgE and histamines
What is the treatment?
Angioedema
antihistamines
- allergic reaction to inhaled antigen
- strawberry gingivitis
What is the treatment?
Wegener’s Granulomatosis
Corticosteroids (prednisone) and cyclophosphamide
- T lymphocytes target and destroy basal keratinocytes
- sawtooth rete pegs
- reticular –> wickham striae, more common
- erosive –> wickham striae with red ulcerations
What is the treatment?
Lichen Planus
Corticosteroids
- Discoid chronic type –> disc-like lesions on face
- systemic acute type –> butterfly rash over nose
What is the treatment?
Corticosteroids
- hardening of skin and connective tissue
restricted opening and uniform widening of PDL - space
Scleroderma
- Autoantibodies against desmosomes
- multiple painful ulcers preceded by bullae
- positive nikolsky’s sign
What is the treatment?
Pemphigus Vulgaris
Corticosteroids
