Oral Liquids And Suspensions Flashcards
Pharmaceutical suspensions;
-types
-preparation
-stability
-packaging and labelling
What are oral liquids?
Suspensions, solutions, and emulsion systems
-active ingredient is dissolved or dispersed in a suitable liquid
What are pharmaceutical suspensions?
-at least one of the active ingredients is suspended throughout the vehicle
*suspended and not dissolved!!! Shake well before use
Suspensions examples;
*Oral drug delivery;
-antacids, antibiotics, analgesics, antibacterial, antifungal and anticonvulsant
*topical drug delivery;
-calamine lotion
*parenteral;
-insulin and vaccines
*inhalation;
-asthma treatments
*ophthalmic;
-need to be sterile and have small particle size
What are the pros and cons of suspensions?
Advantages;
*drugability; insoluble drugs more stable and palatable
*swallow ability; easy to swallow insoluble powders in suspension
*absorption; better than solids, why?
*modification of drug release; sustained release + delayed release
Disadvantages;
*patients compliance; shaking before use
*dosing accuracy; less than solutions
*storage conditions; effect on disperse system
*transportation; bulky, heavy, breakages, leakages
What are the 2 methods of suspension formulation?
Two methods:
*controlled flocculations= system is controllably flocculated to ensure the formulation is re dispersed before use
*structured vehicle/solution= polymers added to increase viscosity
= alone or a combo of both
What is controlled flocculation?
-between flocculation and deflocculation
-system is controllably flocculated to ensure the formulation is dispersed before use
*methods used include=
-particle size
-electrolytes
-polymers
What is controlled flocculation- diffusible suspensions?
The diffusible suspensions:
-contains light insoluble powders
-which on shaking disperse evenly throughout the vehicle
-long enough to allow an accurate dose to be poured
Examples; light kaolin, light magnesium carbonate and , magnesium triplicate
What are indiffusible suspensions?
Indiffusible suspensions;
-contains heavy insoluble powders
-which on shaking don’t disperse evenly throughout the vehicle
-long enough to allow an accurate dose to be poured = vehicle is thickened
-slows down the rate of sedimentation; viscosity + particle size
Examples= aspirin, calamine, zinc oxide and gaviscon
What are polymers in a solution?
Long chain molecules that can be made or occur naturally
Poly= many and mers= parts
-generally rope like molecules that are made by joining many single units
Types of polymers?
-linear, branched, crosslinked
What are the different types of polymer adsorption?
Chemical and physical
What are the conditions for bridging flocculation?
Conditions;
-good absorbers, good solvent, very polymer density and very long polymer
-polymer bridges between particles
-open ‘flocs’ formed
Preservatives;
-alcohol
-benzoic acid
-chloroform
-glycerol
-methyl hydroxybenzoate
-hydroxybenzoates
-sucrose
What is the preparation of suspension; antacid?
Dissolving —> dispersing —> thickening
Packaging and labelling:
-amber flat bottles;
-oral liquids
-oral suspensions
-amber fluted bottles;
-lotions, topical and inhalations
-amber fluted with dropper;
-ear and eye drops
