Oral hypoglycemic drugs used for diabetes mellitus mnemonic

Question 1

Biguanides: Inhibits hepatic glucogenesis and increases peripheral uptake of glucose.

Answer 1

(Metformin meets glucose and advises it to stay out of the blood. It asks the liver to keep glucose in the house (Inhibits hepatic glucose production) and asks the glucose in the bloodstream to go into adipose and skeletal muscle (Stimulates peripheral uptake of glucose). Metformin never met a glucose molecule and did not tell him to not stay in blood )

• Gastrointestinal upset
• Lactic acidosis

Question 2

Sulfonylureas:

Mimic action of glucose by closing K+ channels in pancreatic β cells, which leads to depolarization and increased Ca2+ influx, releasing insulin.

Answer 2

(Sulfonylureas summon insulin. They close the potassium gates in the haunted graveyard of the pancreas and chant depolarizing spells that open calcium channel. This brings back insulin from the dead. GlyBuride is more like Ghost Bringer).

• Hypoglycaemia
• Weight gain
• Hyponatraemia
• Examples include gliclazide and glimepiride

Question 3

Drugs ending with -gliptins (Sitagliptin, etc) are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. They act to inhibit degradation of the endogenous incretins GLP-1 and GIP.
Mnemonic: GLIP!

Answer 3

Drugs ending with -gliptins:

• (Sitagliptin, etc) are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.
• They act to inhibit degradation of the endogenous incretins GLP-1 and GIP.
• Mnemonic: GLIP!
• Generally well tolerated but increased risk of pancreatitis

Question 4

Glitazones (thiazolidinediones) mnemonic:
Pioglitazone - PI
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)
Improves insulin sensitivity

Also, remember that thiazolidinedione derivatives
THiazoLidinedione: Toxic to Heart and Liver

Answer 4

• Weight gain
• Fluid retentionOnly currently available thiazolidinedione is pioglitazone

Question 5

SGLT-2 inhibitors (-gliflozins)

Answer 5

• Inhibits reabsorption of glucose in the kidney
• Urinary tract infection
• Typically result in weight loss

Question 6

GLP-1 agonists (-tides)

Answer 6

• Incretin mimetic which inhibits glucagon secretion
• Subcutaneous
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pancreatitis
• Typically result in weight loss