Oral Health Promotion Flashcards
Population with unmet dental needs are known as what?
Vulnerable Populations
T/F: Increased health spending is correlates with improved health outcomes
True to a point, but only has a limited effect on population health
Gaps in health in rich and poor remain large
What is the 1948 WHO definition of health?
Complete state of physical, mental, social well-being, not just the absence of disease and infirmity
What is health promotion?
Process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health
What are the principles of Health Promotion according to WHO 1984
- Viewing population as a whole in context of their lives/communities
- Requires action on Health Determinants
- Combination of Approaches
- Public Participation
- Role of Health Professionals in Education + Advocacy
What are 4 aims of health promotion according to WHO 1984?
- Increase access to health for all
- Reduce Inequalities in health
- Maximise Opportunities for individuals to improve health status
- Developing conducive environments for health
What are 5 aims of health promotion according to the Ottowa Charter?
- Create Supportive Environments
- Build Healthy Public Policy
- Strengthen Community Action
- Develop Personal Skills
- Re-orient Health Services
What are 3 goals of social justice?
- Individual living free from discrimination
- Individuals have means to make choices about how they live
- Individuals having opportunity to gain employment and good health
What are 3 principles of social justice?
- Equity
- Diversity
- Supportive Environments
What are some examples of health promotion activities?
Water Fluoridation Food Labelling Vaccination Screening for High Risk Diseases Banning Smoking in public domains Car Seat Belts Bicycle Helmets Occupational Health and Safety Building Standards Anti-Bullying Anti-Discrimination Policies Parks + Trees Initiatives Community Garden Projects Alcohol Sales limitations
What are the Australian Dental Council Competencies aimed at dental professionals around health promotion?
- Service of Community
- Appreciate the determinants of health
- Promote + Improve Oral Health in Individuals + Communities
- Recognise + Appreciate need to contribute to improvement of oral health outside practice settings
- Thorough Knowledge of complex health interactions
- Maintain own health
- Promote Health Maintenance of Colleagues
- Encourage/Support patients to take interest + responsibility for management of health
- Education Patients
- Apply Principles of Prevention for inducing behavioural changes that benefit oral/general health
How might dental health be a social responsibility?
- Water Fluoridation
- Public Dental for those who can’t afford private dental
- Affordability of care
How might dental health be a individual responsibility?
- Dietary Choices
2. Individual buy and use dental products
What does the Ottawa Charter mean by creating supporting environments?
Making healthy choices easy choices
Changing Physical + Social Environments to maximise the possibility of leading healthy lives
Examples
- Banning smoking in workspaces
- Safe and Accessible public parks and recreation areas
- Mandatory Seat Belts
What does the Ottawa Charter mean by building Healthy Public Policy?
Ensuring organisations take account of health effects of implemented policies
What does the Ottawa Charter mean by Strengthen Community Action?
Increase abilities for communities to change aspects of physical/social environments
Example: Water Fluoridation required community support to persuade governments to implement
What does the Ottawa Charter mean by developing personal skills?
Information + Education needed for individuals to make choices to improve health
What does the Ottawa Charter mean by re-orient health services?
Move from curing disease to promoting health by extension of formal health care system beyond clinical services
Issue: Health Promotion is hard to bill, hard for policy makers to justify politically as results are long term
How do you define primary prevention?
Action to eliminate/reduce the onset, causes, complications or recurrence of disease
What are examples of primary prevention that are a universal approach to primary prevention
Fluoridated Water, Childhood Immunisation, Healthy Food Policies, School Dental Program
What are the benefits of a targeted primary prevention?
Address those with greater needs.
Examples:
- Different recall frequencies based on need
- Additional support for high risk communities - higher recall / skip fees / skip waitlist for indigenous groups
What are 6 challenges to primary prevention?
- Social Determinants of health/disease
- Inequality in health outcomes
- Priority Populations
- Burden of Disease
- Health Illiteracy
- Life Course Approach
Why are social determinants problematic for the health sector
Social + Cultural Factors lie outside the direct responsibility of health sector
Things such as housing, education and employment
How do primary, secondary and tertiary prevention differ?
Primary: Health Promotion +
Specific Prevention
Secondary: Early detection of disease. Prompt, Appropriate treatment
Tertiary: Rehabilitation
Who are some priority populations that more vulnerable to poor health?
Low Income Insecure Employment Disability Mental Illness Homelessness Remote Living Drug Problems
What are 4 stages of life course approach and areas of focus for primary prevention
- Foetal Life: Maternal Nutritional Status
- Infancy + Childhood: Growth Rate, Diet
- Adolescence: Diet, Risk Behaviours - Alcohol + Tobacco
- Adult: Behaviour + Lifestyle, Biological Factors
