Oral Health for Children Flashcards
Does breast feeding cause caries in infants?
No!
Lactose is not well metabolized by strep mutans
Inappropriate dietary habits are the culprit for caries
According to the WHO, when should an infant be soley breastfed until?
6mo
Need to supplement with complementary foods after as nutrient needs exceed what is provided by breastmilk
What is the WHO’s recommendation for cessation of breastfeeding?
Continue on-demand breastfeeding up to 2 years old, but complement with other solid foods after 6mo
WHO breakdown of breastmilk & nutrition based on age
6-12mo: 50+% of energy needs
12-24mo: ~33% of energy needs
WHO data on adequate nutrition
worldwide, <1/4 of infants 6-23mo of age receive adequate nutrition
Do <6mo old require fluoride supplementation?
No. Does not affect development of caries <6mo
FYI: Breastmilk contains little fluoride
2 things to know about soy formulas
1) For Babies with milk allergy
2) high levels of fructose
Fluoride and Baby Formula
Amount of F- in formula depends on
1. Amount of fluoride in infant formula
2. Water use for mixing. >0.7mg/L = fluorosis risk
Key feeding habit to alert parents about infants:
No bottle propping!
Remove bottle by 12mo
When do infants need fluoride supplementation?
<6mo: NONE
>6mo: if water <0.3ppm, consider supplementation
What is the best way to brush and infants teeth?
Support infants head
1) Lap to Lap
2) Brush from Behind
Why is it important to support the infants head when brushing?
Child’s head = 25% of body compared to 6% of adult
Flexible neck
Head ratio size of 6yo?
1/6th of total body
Toothpaste amount recommendations for children
<2yo: smear (0.1mg F)
2-5: pea (0.25mg F)
Will a congenital epulis of the newborn grow?
No growth potential
More common in girls
aka Congenital Gingival Granular Cell Tumour
What are Bohn’s Nodules?
Benign microkeratocysts located at dental ridges and hard&soft palate.
Resolve by 6mo of age
What are Epstein’s Pearls?
Small cysts at the median palatal raphe that self-resolve
What is a Ranula vs Mucocele?
Ranula = saliva clog at floor of mouth
Mucocele = saliva clog in the lip
Clinical Presentation Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?
Intra and Extra oral vesicles + Fever + Malaise
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis is primarily treated via:
1) Palliative Care (Hydration)
How does the Rx for herpetic gingivostomatitis vary b/w Primary & Recurrent infections?
Primary:
Acyclovir 75 mg/kg/day p.o. ÷ 5 times/day (max 1 g/day) × 7 days//
or 5 mg/kg/dose i.v. 3 times/day × 5–7 days
Secondary:
Acyclovir 400 mg p.o. 5 times/day × 5 days
When should non nutritive sucking stop spontaneously by?
3-4 years old
When do dental changes occur from non-nutritive sucking?
4-6 hours of duration
Dental Changes associated with thumb sucking habit?
1) Flare max anterior
2) labial mand anteriors
3) anterior open bite
4) Posterior cross bite
