Oral health conditions Flashcards
What is enamel?
White hard covering over crown of tooth, resistant to acid attack from micro orgs
What is dentine?
cream/yellow coloured material that makes up bulk of tooth
What is pulp?
contains all nerves and blood vessels, forms dentine
What is peridontium?
Allows tooth to stay in mouth, tissue that holds tooth in place
What is plaque, how is it formed?
Pellicle formation, 1-2 mins after brushing –> adhere to tooth surface
Removed using brushing
What is dental calculus?
Mineralised plaque, removed by scaling
What are occlusal carries?
cavity on chewing surface
What are interproximal carries?
cavity between teeth
What are root surface carries?
cavity on root surface
Discuss dental carries
Multifactorial disease = bacteria, diet, susceptible tooth surface, time
Spreads quickly, prevention rather than cure
Signs/Symptoms = associated pain, sensitivity (Sweet/hot/cold), swelling
Discuss gingivitis
Inflammation of gingiva, non-destructive disease that does not extend in to underlying alveolar bone, periodontal ligament or cementum
reversible
Process = plaque build up > gum inflammation
symptoms = gums swell, bleed on touch
Discuss acute necrotising Ulcerative gingivitis
Trench mouth, lack of oral hygiene and psychological stress
Which drugs cause drug-mediated gingivitis?
anticonvulsants, CCB, cyclosporin, erythromycin
What products are available for gingivitis treatmen?
Chlorhexidine mouth wash –> reduce plaque
Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash –> inhibit/reduce plaque build up, less effective than chlorhexidine
Essential oils mouth wash –> less effective than chlorhexidine
Discuss peridontitis
Preceded by gingivitis, irreversible
Loss of attachment of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone = tooth no longer attached to bone
Symptoms = bleeding, pain, tenderness, bad breath, bone breakdown (plaque bacteria)
What is the most common type of mouth ulcer?
Apthous ulcer = periodic or recurring
Mucous membrane inside mouth
What are the signs/symptoms of mouth ulcers?
Clearly defined red margin, round or oval shaped sores/lesions
Yellow-grey centred, re/swollen edges
localised pain/burning, single or cluster (1-6)
Usually small
Seen on: lips, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, sides/lower surface of tongue
Discuss the management of mouth ulcers
Health by themselves with no treatment, medicine reduces discomfort/healing time
Barriers (orthodontic wax) prevent ulcers
What medicines can be used to treat mouth ulcers?
Chlorhexidine = mouth wash –> encourage healing/reduce pain
Choline salicylate = topical analgesic (gel)
Lignocaine/benzocaine = local anaesthetic (gel/liquid)
Triamcinolone (S3) = corticosteroid
Discuss some mouth ulcer self-care advice
Clean teeth three times a day w/ soft-bristled toothbrush
Avoid irritant foods = spicy/salty, caffeine, chocolate, citrus
Use straw to drink, avoid stress, use relaxation, exercise
Dental advice with dentures
Vitamin and mineral supplements
When should mouth ulcers be referred?
Ulcer w/ uneven colouring, no discomfort/pain
Present >14 days, >1cm diameter
Other medications, ulcer occurs often
Signs of illness (e.g. fever, sore throat)
Signs and symptoms of HSV-1 (herpes)
prodromal stage = itching, burning, pain, tingling (hrs - days)
infectious stage = Lesion appears as vesicle and blisters, these rupture/weep
Lesions curst over after 24 hrs, itch
Spontaneous healing 7-10 days, no scar
Total outbreak <14 days
What triggers a HSV-1 episode?
stress, cold weather, UV light (sunburn), illness/fever, fatigue, menstruation
What is pharm treatment for HSV-1?
1) topical antiviral (aciclovir 5%+ hydrocortisone 1%) (S2)= as soon as symptoms present, shortens duration
1) S3 famciclovir (1500mg) single dose = administered at onset of prodromal symptoms for infrequent severe cases, reduce healing time
2) Povidone-iodine ointment = reduce risk of infection
2) hydrocolloid patch = for mild uncomplicated sores, minimise secondary bact infection, promote wound healing
What are some non-pharm treatments of HSV-1?
Ice pack = help swelling
What are some alternative treatments for HSV-1?
Lysine = reduce symptom severity (prevention = 1-3g/day, treatment = 3g/day)
Zinc = topical preparation, reduces recurrence, resolves symptoms
Discuss oral candidiasis
Presents = creamy, white soft elevated patches, common in very young/old
Symptoms = pain, soreness, altered taste, burning tongue
What are the S3 drug treatments for oral candidiasis?
Micondazole gel (Daktrain)= use 4x a day after food, 7-14 days
Nystatin oral suspension (Nistat, Mycostatin) = topically in mouth then swallow, 4 times a day after food 7-14 days
What S4 are used for oral candidiasis treatment?
Amphotericin lozenges (funglin) = suck then swallow, 4 times daily after food for 7-14 days
