Oral health

Question 1

when should the first denatl visit occur

Answer 1

• when baby teeth begin to erupt by age 1

Question 2

how many total primary teeth are there? By what age do they usually all erupt

Answer 2

• usually total 20
• erupt by age 3

Question 3

eruption of teeth may start between what ages

Answer 3

• 4-15 months

Question 4

premature and low birth weight babies have what inital problems with teeth

Answer 4

• delayed eruption
• enamel defects -> more prone to cavities

Question 5

exfoliation/shedding starts with what teeth

Answer 5

lower incisors

Question 6

1st permanent molar eruption usually occurs around what age

Answer 6

6 y.o.

Question 7

presentation

• white spots that dont wipe off

Answer 7

decalcification

• *sign of early decay

Question 8

is decalcification reversible

Answer 8

yes, with plaque removal and fluoride

• refer to dental home

Question 9

presentation

• brown or black spots on smooth and/or chewing surfaces

Answer 9

moderate caries

• *dental referral ASAP

Question 10

adverse effects of severe caries

Answer 10

• tooth fracture
• affects chewing
• serious infection

Question 11

treatment of severe caries

Answer 11

referral to dental home ASAP

often requires treatment in O.R with general anesthesia

Question 12

Is early childhood caries transmissible?

Answer 12

yes

• child more likely to have caries if mother/caregiver or sibling(s) have caries

Question 13

early childhood caries develops from what food source

Answer 13

refined carbohydrates

Question 14

what type of liquids should be placed in a bottle

Answer 14

• only breast milk, formula, or water
• never fruit juice, soda, or gatorade

Question 15

when should sippy cup be introduced? When should bottle by eliminated

Answer 15

• as soon as child can sit up unsupported
• eliminate bottle by 1 year

Question 16

when should sucking habit be discontinued

Answer 16

between 2-4 years of age

• prolonged sucking may cause problems with teeth and jaws

Question 17

toothbrushing recommendations child < 1 y.o.

Answer 17

clean with soft toothbrush

Question 18

toothbrushing recommendations child 1-2 y.o.

Answer 18

parent should perform brushing with a “smear” of toothpaste

Question 19

toothbrushing recommendations child 1-6 y.o.

Answer 19

• pea-sized fluoride toothpaste 2x/day
• parent perform/supervise

Question 20

toothbrushing recommendations child >6 y.o.

Answer 20

brush with fluoride toothpaste 2x/day

Question 21

excessove systemic fluoride can cause

Answer 21

Fluorosis

Question 22

children need assistance with flossing until what age

Answer 22

8-10 years

Question 23

cleft lip/palate develop at what stage in fetal development

Answer 23

between 5th and 10th week of fetal life

Question 24

changes in feeding for babies with cleft lip/palate

Answer 24

• use nipples that extend further into mouth
• frequent burping necessary due to baby swallowing air
• feed more upright

Question 25

cleft lip/palate babies have what ear problems

Answer 25

• middle ear space are closed from slacking palate muscles -> no mechanism for drainage
• chronic inflammation -> hearing impairment and possible permant damage

Question 26

children with cleft lip/palate have speech difficulties due to what 4 problems

Answer 26

• retardation of consonant sounds
• hypernasality
• dental malocclusion (abnormal bite) and abnormal tongue placement
• hearing problem

Question 27

function of NAM

Answer 27

• nasoalveolar molding
• shapes mouth and improves nose as early as first week
• worn 24 hours a day, only removed for eating
• precursor to surgery

Question 28

NAM is used prior to surgery. How often do unilteral cleft and bilateral cleft patients need to wear it

Answer 28

• unilateral cleft: 3 months
• bilateral cleft: 6 months