Oral Health Flashcards
Why is oral health important?
- Dental caries (cavities) are the most common chronic disease of childhood
- severe gum disease affects 47% of U.S adults
What is considered Low Oral Health Literacy?
- poor oral health
- fewer teeth in mouth
- lower rates of tooth brushing
- higher rates of ER visits related to dental
What are some barriers that affect access to oral healthcare?
- low provider to population ratios
- insufficient or lack of dental insurance benefits
- lack of transportation
- lack of child care
- insufficient levels or lack of access to water fluoridation
- lack of awareness about oral health
oral anatomy of adult teeth?
8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars, 12 molars
- most common form of periodontal disease
- an inflammatory process that has gingival redness, swelling and bleeding when provoked by brushing or flossling
- reversible but a precursor to periodontitis
- can also be ther result of hormonal changes, HIV, mediations, and malnutrition
Gingivitis
- characterized by gingival inflammation
- accompanied by a loss of supportive connective tissues, including aveolar bone
- poor attachment–>loose teeth–> tooth loss
- where you start to see systemic disease
periodontitis
if not properly treated, dental infection can cause?
- gingival (tooth abscesses
- sinusitis
- cellulitis of the face
- periorbital celluitis
- brain abscesses
- airway compromise
- cavernous sinus thrombosis
- typically secondary to periodontitis, dental caries or trauma
- initially asymptomatic necrosis followed by formation due to toxic state in the gingiva
- s &sx: swelling, erythema, suppuration
acute dental abscess
most common microbial etiology for odontogenic infections?
**Streptococcus Viridans **
most common anaerboic are prevotella and fusobacterium
treating mild-moderate odontogenic infections
- Penicillin VK (will not work against large abscesses or beta-lactamase resistance
- Clindamycin (excellent activity and PO aerobes and anaerobes; penetrates bone and abscess cavities
- most common resistance: beta lactamse
alternative treatment of odontogenic infections?
- metronidazole (good anaerobic coverage, combined with PNC- VK)
- amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (augmentin) (for more severe infections resistant to initial therapy
alternative treatment of odontogenic infections?
- metronidazole (good anaerobic coverage, combined with PNC- VK)
- amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (augmentin) (for more severe infections resistant to initial therapy
most common dental problems
- aspiration pneumonia (associated with bedridden and hospitalized patients
- inflammation atherosclerosis
- hypertension
- pregnancy complications (can cause preterm labor/birth and low birth weight infants)
When do permanent teeth erupt?
around 6 y.o and are all in by 21
Hardest tissue in the body
protects crown from fracture and wear
no regenerative process like bone
enamel
most abundant dental tissue
determines size and shape of teeth
produced by the pulp
increased production w/ trauma, wear and caries
dentin
- made of odontoblasts (dentin producing cells) fibroblasts, blood vessles, nerves and a matrix
- produces small amounts of dentin throughout life
- if becomes non-vital tooth will die
pulp
- collagen matrix, preventing tooth from fusing to alveolar bone
- anchor for root of tooth placement
- can regenerate if periodontal disease successfully treated
Cementum
