Oral functions - senses Flashcards

Imo 8.5: have knowledge of oral biology, to include detailed knowledge of the form and function of teeth and associated structures, in health and disease

1
Q

what are the branches of the trigeminal nerve?

3

A
  • opthalmic branch
  • maxillary branch
  • mandibular branch
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2
Q

what branch of what nerve innervates lower molars?

A

inferior alveolar nerve of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

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3
Q

what nerve does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve give off anteriorly?

A

mental nerve

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4
Q

where does the mental nerve exit the mandible?

A

mental foramen

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5
Q

what does the mental nerve supply?

A

sensory branches of the chin and lower lip

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6
Q

what does the inferior alveolar nerve block provide anaesthesia to?

7

A
  • body of mandible and lower portion of ramus
  • all mandibular teeth
  • floor of mouth
  • anterior 2/3 of tongue
  • gingivae in lingual surface of mandible
  • gingivae of labial surface of mandible
  • mucosa and skin of lower lip and chin
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7
Q

why may numbnes after a ID block remain?

A

temporary damage to the inferior alveolar nerve

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8
Q

what is the difference between anaesthasia, paraesthesia and dysaesthesia?

A
  • anaesthesia: completely numb, no sensation
  • paraesthasia: an abnormal sensation, **tingling or prickling **
  • dysaesthesia: an abnormal, unpleasant sensation when touched, caused by damage to peripheral nerve
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9
Q

what is the purpose of the gag reflex?

A

acts to prevent material entering the pharynx

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10
Q

what is the gag reflex evoked by?

A

mechanical stimulation of fauces, palate, posterior tongue, pharynx

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11
Q

what nerves are involved in a gag reflex?

5

A
  • trigeminal CN5
  • glossopharyngeal CN9
  • vagus CN10
  • accessory CN11
  • hypoglossal CN12

motor response

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12
Q

what strategies can be put in place to reduce a gag reflex when taking an impression?

6

A
  • dont overfill the palate of the tray
  • put tray in from the back first so material does not overflow backwards
  • use warm water when mixing so alginate sets quicker
  • use a brand of alginate that sets faster
  • distract the patient
  • tell the patient to breathe through nose
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13
Q

what does the facial nerve innervate?

A

motor innervation of facial muscles

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14
Q

what is the function of the buccinator and orbicularis oris and what innervates them?

A
  • helps to control bolus and **prevent spillage **
  • innervated by the facial nerve (motor)
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15
Q

what is Bell’s Palsy?

A

any type of facial paralysis that does not have any assoiated causes

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16
Q

what are the causes of Bell’s Palsy?

6

A
  • infections (HSV/cold sores)
  • otitis media
  • diabetes
  • trauma
  • toxins
  • temporarily by infilatration of LA to the facial nerve branches during dental treatment
17
Q

how can dentists cause Bell’s Palsy in patients?

A
  • when the LA injection is given too far distally and the parotid gland is penetrated
  • LA diffuses through the loose glandular tissue and to the facial nerve
  • all 5 terminal branches of the facial nerve is affected
18
Q

what are the complications of the ID block?

A
  • inability to close eye or blink
  • inability to raise corner of the mouth
  • inability to puff cheeks
19
Q

how should a patient suffering with temporary Bell’s Palsy after LA be treated until back to normal?

A
  • patient should be informed and reassured as to the transitory nature of the Palsy
  • eye should be covered with a loose pad to protect the cornea until blinking returns
20
Q

where should an ID block be given and how should you ensure you do not damage the patient?

A

injection is given near the mandibular foramen
* look for the coronoid notch for the height of injection
* look for the pterygomandibular raphe to insert the injection lateral to it
* injection is usually 6-10mm above the occlusal plane of the mandibular molars
* ensure bone is hit before administering the injection

21
Q

what do periodontal mechanoreceptors allow for?

A
  • finer discrimination of food texture, tooth contacts and levels of functioning
  • control of jaw function
  • precision of magnitude
  • assessment of direction of forces applied to teeth
  • rate of occlusal load application
22
Q

what is the decoronisation of the abutments of teeth and keeping the roots for dentures known as?

A

overdentures

23
Q

what are the psychological advantages of overdentures?

A

prevents the feeling of total tooth loss of natural teeth and makes eventual transition to complete dentures more acceptable

24
Q

what do mechanoreceptors sense?

A

touch and pressure

25
what oral functions do mechanoreceptors contribute to? | 3
* mastication (food consistency) * salivation * interdental discrimination
26
what are the advantages of overdentures compared to complete dentures?
* teeth with periodontal ligament (PDL) provide **proprioceptive feedback**, enabling **fine motor control** during precision tasks as the PDL contains **mechanoreceptors** * complete dentures lack a PDL, relying instead on **osseointegration with the surrounding bone**, significantly **reducing proprioceptive input**, making it harder to modulate force and perform delicate tasks accurately
27
what disorders can cause or lead to food getting stuck in your oesophagus? | 5
* stroke * brain injury * multiple sclerosis * gastroesophageal reflux disease * tumours
28
how do you detect for a stroke?
**compare sensorial and motor responses** from both sides of the face and oropharynx * strokes appear **unilateral**
29
30
how can you tell that a sweet in your mouth is a mint with a hole in it without looking at it?
* you will have **taste buds** and **olfaction of mint** * compressing it **against the hard palate** with the tongue can **format the shape **of the sweet * **mechanoreceptors** identify the format with **two point discrimination** of both tissues
31
what are nociceptors? where can they be found in the mouth?
respond to **intense (noxious) stimuli**, usually associated with **pain** * found in the **dental pulp** and **mucosa**