Oral Functions: Feeding Flashcards
what are the stages of the feeding sequence?
ingestion, stage 1 transport and mechanical processing
what is ingestion?
movement of food from the external environment into the mouth
how is ingestion accomplished?
by biting and/or using tools e.g. cutlery
what do the lips provide
anterior oral seal
which facial muscles help to control bolus and prevent food spillage
orbicularis oris and buccinator
what happens in stage 1 transport?
moving material from the front of the mouth to the level of the posterior teeth
what are the movements of the tongue in stage 1 transport?
food gathered on tongue tip, tongue retracts pulling the material to the posterior teeth (pull back process)
what are the movements of the hyoid bone and oropharynx during stage 1 transport?
retraction of hyoid bone and narrowing of oropharynx
what is mechanical processing
the breakdown and mixing of foods with saliva before swallowing
what happens during mechanical processing
foods are chewed by premolar and molar teeth and soft foods are squashes by tongue and hard palate
what needs to happen in food processing?
the coordinated actions of many muscles
which muscles are involved in food processing?
the mandibular muscles, the supra-hyoid muscles, the tongue muscles, the lips and cheeks
what role does the tongue play in chewing?
it controls and transports the bolus
what does the tongue do to the bolus?
gathers food and rotates to reposition bolus on the occlusal table, moves the bolus from side to side of mouth and gathers bolus for transport
what does the forward movement of the tongue during the occlusal and initial opening phases create?
a contact between the tongue and the hard palate
where does the food bolus sit on the tongue before being swallowed
on the pharyngeal surface
what does it mean if the mouth is continuous with the oropharynx during processing of solid foods
there is no oral seal made
when is an oral seal made?
when swallowing liquids
where are liquids swallowed from?
mouth
where are solids swallowed from?
oropharynx
what is the shape of the chewing cycle diagram?
teardrop
what are the phases of the chewing cycle?
opening phase, closing phase, occlusal phase (mandible stationary and teeth joined)
what is the difference in the chewing cycle diagram when chewing tougher foods
the shape becomes wider with broader strokes
if a patient has malocclusion what does their chewing cycle diagram look like?
irregular and all over the place
if a patient performs ruminatory mandibular movements how do you design a prostheses for them?
use teeth with cusps to achieve a balanced occlusion
when might cuspless teeth be used for a denture?
if the dentures have occlusal surfaces which are evenly worn (flat)
what are flat cusps suggestive of?
vertical mandibular movements
what will inaccurate placement of mandibular posterior teeth in a denture do?
interfere with tongue movements and compromise the retention and stability of the denture
what does mechanical breakdown of food in the mouth do?
facilitates swallowing and might improve GI tract efficiency
what can deteriorated masticatory performances result in?
dietary restrictions such as avoiding difficult foods like green vegetables and meats
what does masticatory performance correlate with?
occlusal contact area
when would you not replace all missing teeth?
when other masticatory components are functioning properly and shortened dental arch is available
how many teeth is considered the minimum amount of teeth necessary for a shortened dental arch?
20 (5-5)
when are absent molar teeth replaced?
if their absence gives rise to problems
what does a shortened dental arch provide?
sufficient occlusal stability, satisfactory comfort and appearance
what is biting load carried by with denture wearers?
mucosa of residual ridge
what happens to the maximum bite force when you wear a denture
it is reduced
how can bite forces be increased in denture wearers?
by supporting dentures on teeth or implants
what are the options of replacing missing teeth?
mucosa supported prosthesis (complete/partial), tooth supported prosthesis (removable/fixed), bone supported prosthesis (implants)
what does a fixed-fixed bridge have for support?
2 abutment teeth
what is a cantilever bridge?
a pontic connected to a retainer at one end only
when is a cantilever bridge used?
to replace single teeth and only one retainer is used to support the bridge
when are cantilever bridges not recommended?
when occlusal forces on the pontic will be heavy
what is an adhesive bridge
an immediate temporary prosthetic later replaced by a permanent bridge once tissues have settled
what are the advantages of an adhesive bridge
quick, non-destructive, aesthetic and durable
which type of bridge has the best success rate
adhesive cantilever
with mucosa borne dentures how is the occlusal forces transmitted
to the bone via the oral mucosa which is not recommended
with tooth borne dentures how is the occlusal forces transmitted?
to the bone via the rests and the PDL which is recommended
