Oral/Flight Test (Cessna 172N) Flashcards
How long is the C of A valid and what invalidates it?
Valid indefinitely so long as the following aren’t broken:
G - Gross weight, exceeding
L - Limitations, exceeding what’s in POH section 2
E - Equipment, POH required items broken
A - Airworthiness Directives, failing to comply
M - Maintenance inspections, failing to follow
S - Snags, not signed off by AME (2 signatures)
How long is the C of R valid and when must it be changed?
Valid indefinitely provided the following don’t occur:
D - Destroyed E - Exported A - Address change D - Decommissioned S - Sold
What documents must be carried on board the aircraft for all flights?
A - Airworthiness certificate R - Registration certificate R - Radio operator license O - pilot Operating handbook W - Weight and balance J - Journey log L - Licenses for crew I - Insurance
In the POH Equipment List (Section 6), how are items listed?
Items are grouped with a prefixed letter for descriptive grouping, followed by a part number and suffix letter describing requirements:
R - Required items for FAA (C of A) certification (like an engine)
S - Standard equipment items (wheel covers)
O - Optional equipment replacing required or standard items (so instead of an Airspeed indicator you have a True Airspeed Indicator, etc.)
A - Additional equipment (headrests, 2nd altimeters, etc.)
What crew licenses must be carried on board?
- Current license
- Medical
- Radio operator license
How does one maintain a current license?
Within 24 months of license issue pilot must undergo one of the following:
- Flight review
- TC safety seminar
- TC self-study test
- Pass a written or flight test for other rating/license
If a licensed pilot has not flown for 5 years what can they do to regain their currency?
Pilot must take:
- Flight review
- P-Star test
To carry passengers what must a pilot do?
5 takeoffs and landings within 6 months, if this is done during the day can only carry passengers during the day.
When does night begin?
At civilian reported sunset.
What is the medical validity period for a CAT III medical?
5 years under 40, 2 years over 40.
How long is the radio operator license valid?
Valid indefinitely.
How long is insurance valid?
Typically one year, review insurance certificate to verify date of expiration.
What’s the difference between a snag and defect?
A snag is an issue with a required item as listed by the POH, a defect is an issue with a non-required item and can be deferred.
What inspection cycle is the aircraft on?
Progressive care system, inspections are at set times and there is a minus or plus 10 hour window from those times for inspection.
How many signatures are required when a snag is signed off on by an AME?
2.
If there is a defect, can you fly?
Yes, so long as an AME or senior instructor can sign a deferral for the defect.
How often must the ELT be checked and compass swung?
Yearly, last check/swing will be noted in Journey Log.
What is Vx?
Best angle of climb, 60 knots.
What is Vy?
Best rate of climb, 70 knots.
What is Vs?
Stall speed, flaps up, 50 knots.
What is Vso?
Stall speed, flaps down, 44 knots.
What is Va?
Maneuvering speed:
- 99 knots at 2400lbs
- 90knots at 2000lbs
- 82 knots at 1600lbs
Vglide?
Gliding speed:
- 65 knots flaps up
- 60 knots flaps down
Vref?
Landing reference speeds:
- 60 to 70 knots flaps up
- 55 to 65 knots flaps 40 degrees
Are winds from the METAR/TAF reported in degrees true or magnetic?
If you read it, it’s true. If you hear it, it’s magnetic.
How do you calculate crosswind limitations?
- Get the magnetic heading of runway and winds and find the difference between the two to ascertain angle of wind off runway
- Take 15 knots, the Cessna 172N’s tested cross-wind for average pilot ability
- Using a cross-wind grid, plot 15 knots on the X-axis and intersect it with the angle of the winds off the runway
- Taking this intersect point, the speed slope that runs through this point is your maximum cross-wind speed for that angle of wind across the runway
How do you find crosswind and headwind?
- Get the magnetic heading of runway and winds and find the difference between the two to ascertain angle of wind off runway
- Follow the slope that corresponds to wind speed and intersect it with the angle of difference calculated above
- The X-axis of this point corresponds to cross-wind speed, the Y-axis of this point corresponds to head-wind speed
What is the Maximum Certified Takeoff Weight (MCTOW)?
Maximum weight whereby the aircraft can take effective flight from the ground:
- 2300lbs for Normal Category
- 2000lbs for Utility Category
How will an aft Center of Gravity affect the aircraft?
Improve cruise performance but present more dangerous stall characteristics. The elevator acts opposite the force of lift to balance the inbuilt forward center of gravity of the aircraft, moving the center of gravity rearward quires less down force from the elevator.
How will a forward Center of Gravity affect the aircraft?
Would reduce cruise performance but provide safer stall recovery characteristics.
What is the difference between Normal and Utility Categories?
Utility category allows for more complex maneuvers. These maneuvers must not be attempted in the Normal category per the POH, to do so would invalidate the CofA and also incur an excessive load factor on the aircraft.
What are the weight limitations of the baggage compartment?
- 120lbs maximum forward of latch
- 50lbs maximum rear of latch
- 120lbs maximum combined (50lbs rear, max 70lbs forward)
What is ICAO standard temperature at 4000ft ASL?
7 degrees Celsius, ensure to account for this fact on cruise performance and rate of climb performance charts.
What would you do for an engine failure on the takeoff roll?
- Throttle hard
- Brake heavily
- Flaps up
- Mixture idle-cutoff
- Ignition off
- Master off
What would you do if you had an engine failure immediately after take off?
- 65kt airspeed
- Mixture idle-cutoff
- Fuel selector valve off
- Ignition off
- Wing flaps as required
- Master off
What would you do if you had an engine failure during the flight?
Initiate forced landing procedure:
- A, Aviate, 65kt glide in a Cessna 172N
- B, Best field, COWLS check (Civilization, Obstacles, Wind, Length, Surface)
- C, Cause check, mixture rich, fuel selector both, carb heat on, magnetos both, alternator on, primer in and locked
- D, Distress call, mayday call and 7700 on the transponder
- E, Emergency briefing, inform passengers to secure any lose items, move seat back, keep calm, etc.
- F, Final shutdown, mixture idle, fuel selector valve off, magnetos off, set flaps for landing, master off
What would you do if you had an engine fire during startup?
- Continue cranking the engine
- If engine stars, run engine at 1700RPM for a few minutes and shutdown; should engine fail to start:
- Fully open throttle
- Mixture idle-cut off
- Continue cranking
- Ready fire extinguisher
- Master off
- Ignition switch off (stop cranking)
- Fuel selector valve off
- Evacuate and attempt to extinguish fire
What would you do if you had an engine fire during flight?
- Mixture idle-cut off
- Fuel selector valve off
- Master off
- Cabin heat and air off
- Airspeed 100KIAS or greater to achieve an incombustable mixture
- Execute forced landing
What would you do if you had an electrical fire during flight?
- Master off
- All other electrical switches off
- Cabin air/head/vents off and closed
- Fire extinguisher activate
- Ventilate cabin
- Master on
- Check circuit breakers, do not reset if tripped
- Engage electrical switches one by one checking circuit breakers each time
What would you do if you had a cabin fire in flight?
- Master off
- Cabin air/head/vents off and closed
- Activate fire extinguisher
- Ventilate cabin
- Land as soon as possible
What would you do if you had a wing fire during flight?
- Nav lights off
- Pitot heat off
- Strobe light off
- Perform sideslip towards the fire to keep the fire away from fuel tanks and cabin
- Land as soon as possible using flaps only as required for final approach and touchdown
What would you do if you had a com failure in flight?
- Cockpit check, headset connections, radio volume, frequency, try alternate radio
- Transponder to 7600
- Continue broadcasting intentions, radio may be able to still transmit
- Follow uncontrolled airport procedure
- Watch for light signals if controlled airport
What would you do if you inadvertently flew into icing conditions?
- Turn pitot heat on
- Turn back and/or change altitude to obtain and outside air temperature that is less conducive to icing
- Open throttle to increase engine speed and minimize ice build up on prop
- Watch for signs of carb ice and apply carb ice as needed
- Keep a higher airspeed to ice build up will increase stall speed
- Leave flaps retracted at all stages of flight
- Find nearest airport to set down at
What would you do with a flat main?
- Fly a normal approach
- Land on the good tire first, keeping aircraft off the flat as long as possible
What would you do if you suspected a static source blockage?
- Engage alternate static source valve
- Consult POH Section. 5
What would you do if the ammeter shows excessive rate of charge?
- Master Off
- Master On
- If rate of charge still shows high, terminate flight ASAP
What would you do if the ammeter shows discharge during flight?
- Alternator off
- Shutdown non-essential flight equipment
- Terminate flight ASAP
What would you do if you had a vacuum system failure?
Continue VFR flight as normal as this would affect only the Attitude Indicator and Heading Indicator (not required instruments). If in clouds, rely on turn-coordinator as it’s DC powered, holding a standard rate one turn for 1 minute will cause a course change of 180 degrees.
What is the emergency decent procedure through clouds?
- Full rich mixture
- Use full carb. heat
- Reduce power to 500 to 800ft/min decent
- Set decent speed for 70-80 knots
- Use rudder only to maintain a straight course
- Once clear of cloud resume normal flight
What is the lost procedure?
C - Climb, climb higher to obtain a better view to ascertain surroundings
C - Conserve Fuel, slow down, lean for best economy
C - Circle of uncertainty, determine last known point and draw a radius from this point based on time and speed
C - Confess, admit you’re lost
C - Communicate, find nearest ATC and ask for RADAR navigation or a VDF steer (direction finder based the locates your radio transmissions)
What are control zone VFR weather requirements?
- 3SM visibility
- 1 mile horizontal separation from clouds
- 500ft vertical separation from clouds and ground
Where can VFR limits be found?
In the AIM.