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ENT > Oral Diseases > Flashcards

Oral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What are clinical patterns of oral pathology?

A 
Ulcers
Keratosis
Swelling
Vesicles
Pigmentation changes
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2
Q

Primary Risk Factors for Oral Disease

A 
Tobacco
Alcohol
Medications
Stress/hormonal changes
Genetics
Infections
Immunosurpressed
Anemia
Bowel disease
Autoimmune disease
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3
Q

Define Hyperkeratinisation

A

Excessive growth of stubbornly attached keratin

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4
Q

Reasons for Hyperkeratinisation

A

Genetic
Physiological
Pre-cancerous
CA

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5
Q

Types of Local Oral Infections

A 
Dental caries/acute pulpits
Gingivitis/periodontitis
Dental abscess
Necrotizing periodontal disease
Ludwig's angina
Cold sores
Herpangina
Thrush
Hairy tongue
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6
Q

Cause of Dental Caries/Acute Pulpitis

A

Stretococcus mutans

Other bacteria

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7
Q

Pathophysiology of Dental Caries/Acute Pulpitis

A

Destruction of the enamel

Progresses into dental pulp

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8
Q

Symptoms of Dental Caries/Acute Pulpitis

A

Hot/cold sensitivity

Continuous throbbing pain

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9
Q

Prevention of Dental Caries/Acute Pulpitis

A 
Fluoride
Brushing
Flossing
Mouthwashes
Routine cleanings
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10
Q

Treatment of Dental Caries/Acute Pulpitis

A

Simple caries: restoration

Pulpitis: antibiotics and NSAIDs

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11
Q

High Risk Populations for Dental Caries/Acute Pulpitis

A

Chemotherapy
Diabetics
Zerostomia secondary to other source

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12
Q

Define Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of marginal gingiva (gums)

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13
Q

Etiology of Gingivitis

A

Anaerobes

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14
Q

Pathology of Gingivitis

A

Gingival soft tissue inflammation/infection

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15
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Gingivitis

A

Edema
Erythema
Pyorrhea
Pain

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16
Q

Treatment of Gingivitis

A

Penicillin or Clindamycin

NSAID

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17
Q

Prevention of Gingivitis

A

Brushing/flossing
Antibacterial mouth rinses
Removal of impacted food debris
Routine dental visits

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18
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

A

Halitosis

Ulcerations of the interdental papillae

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19
Q

Treatment of Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gigivitis

A

Penicillin (PO) + Metronidazole

Clindamycin (alone)

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20
Q

Pathophysiology of Ludwig’s Angina

A

Rapidly spreading cellulitis of sublingual and submandibular spaces

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21
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Ludwig’s Angina

A

Febrile
Drooling/trismus
Edema in sublingual area

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22
Q

Treatment of Ludwig’s Angina

A

IV antibiotics

Penicillin or Unasyn + metronidazole (Flagyl)

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23
Q

Presentation of Herpetic Lesions

A

Cold sores or painful vesicles on tongue/buccal mucosa

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24
Q

Etiology of Herpetic Lesions

A

HSV-1

HSV-2

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25
Q

Treatment for Herpetic Lesions

A

Acyclovir

Valacyclovir

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26
Q

Etiology of Herpangina

A

Coxackie virus

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27
Q

Clinical Features of Herpangina

A 
Painful
Fever
Malaise
Sore throat
Vesicles on soft palate
28
Q

Treatment of Herpangina

A

Supportive

Analgesics

29
Q

Etiology of Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

A

Candida species

30
Q

High Risk Populations for Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

A

Neonates
Prolonged antibiotic use
Immunocompromised

31
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

A

White plaques on tongue/oral mucosa
“Burning” tongue
“Raw” throat

32
Q

Treatment of Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

A

Topical clotrimazole troches
Topical nystatin
Oral fluconazole

33
Q

Define Hairy Tongue

A

Elongations of filiform papillae of dorsal surface

34
Q

Etiology of Aphthous Stomatitis (Ulcers)

A

Auto-immune
CMV
Hormones
Nutritional deficiency

35
Q

Management of Aphthous Stomatitis (Ulcers)

A 
Sucralfate (Carafate)
Acidophilus
Folate
Vitamin B12
Stress relief
Licorice
Corticosteroids
36
Q

Define Geographic Tongue

A

Rapid loss and regrowth of filiform papillae causes denuded red patches to “wander” across the surface of the tongue

37
Q

Pathophysiology of Oral Leukoplakia

A

Benign epithelial hyperplasia

Strongly associated with HIV

38
Q

Clinical Signs of Oral Leukoplakia

A

Asymptomatic lesions on the lateral surfaces of tongue

39
Q

Treatment for Oral Leukoplakia

A

High dose acyclovir

40
Q

Etiology of Oral Cancer

A

Tobacco
Alcohol
HPV

41
Q

Detection of Oral Cancer

A

Ulcerative oral lesions with fail to resolve in 2 weeks should be biopsied

42
Q

Oral Side Effects of Medications

A

Xerostomia
Pigmentation changes
Hyperplasia
Mucositis

43
Q

Causes of Halitosis

A 
Bronchiectasis
Lung Abscess
Acute primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
periodontal disease
Dental caries
Smoking
Hepatic failure
Azotemia
DKA
H. pylori gastric infection
Esophageal CA
Metal poisoning
44
Q

Pharmacologic Causes of Xerpstomia

A

Diuretics
Antihistamines
TCA’s

45
Q

Clinical Presentation of Xerostomia

A 
Oral dryness
Burning of the tissues
Difficulty eating/swallowing
Tongue irritation
Painful ulcerations
Increased caries
Increased periodontal disease
46
Q

Treatment of Xerostomia

A

Saliva substitutes

Salivary stimulation

47
Q

Pigmentation Change Causes

A 
Tetracycline
Sedative
OCP
Antimalarials
Amalgam tattoo
Heavy metal pigmentations
48
Q

Medications which may cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Phenytoin
Calcium Channel Blockers
Cyclosporin

49
Q

Etiology of Mucositis

A

Chemotherapy

Radiation to H&N

50
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Mucositis

A

Edema

Painful chewing/swallowing of food

51
Q

Oral Problems with Diabetic Patients

A 
Acute gingival abscess
Gingival proliferations
Dry burning mouth
Gingival tenderness/bleeding
lip dryness
Tooth mobility
Periodontal disease
52
Q

Prevention of Oral Disease in Diabetics

A

Tight glucose control

53
Q

Oral Problems with Pernicious Anemia

A

Glossitis

54
Q

Oral Problems with Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Glossitis

Angular cheilits/stomatitis

55
Q

Oral Problems with Vitamin Deficiencies

A 
Oral mucositis
Ulcers
Glossitis
Burning sensation in the tongue
Petechiae
Gingival swelling/bleeding
Teeth loosening
Ulcerations
56
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Mononucleosis

A

Palatal petechiae
Pharyngitis
Lethargy
Sore throat

57
Q

Oral Problems with AIDS/HIV Infections

A 
Oral candidiasis
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontal disease
Stomatitis
Hairy Leukoplakia
Oral Lymphoma
Oral Kaposi's sarcoma
58
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Acute Leukemia

A 
Gingival bleeding
Necrotic Ulcers
Gingival Enlargement
Bluish gingival appearance
Oral infections
Marked discomfort
59
Q

Oral Symptoms After Radiation

A

Mucositis with ulcers, candidiasis, bacterial infections, and xerostomia

60
Q

Presentation of Cheilosis (cheilitis)

A

Inflammation and/or fissuring of the lips

61
Q

Etiology of Cheilosis (cheilitis)

A

Environmental irritation
Metabolic/Nurtritional
Poor fitting dentures
Infection

62
Q

Management of Cheilosis (cheilitis)

A

Eliminate cause

63
Q

Main Pathophysiology of Sialoadenitis

A

Infections of salivary glands may be viral (mumps) or bacterial (secondary to obstruction)

64
Q

Clinical Presentation of Sialoadenitis

A

Edema
Pain
Purulent drainage

65
Q

Clinical Presentation of TMJ Dysfunction

A 
Female adults
Unilateral pain
Difficulty chewing or opening mouth widely
Burning sensation of tongue/palate
Buxism
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Acute tenderness over TMJ
66
Q

Management of TMJ Dysfunction

A

Physiotherapy
Pureed diet 1-2 weeks
Analgesics
Muscle relaxants

ENT (10 decks)

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