Oral Diabetic Medication Flashcards
Metformin (Glucophage) Class
Biguanide
Metformin (Glucophage) Mechanism of Action
Inhibits hepatic production and release of glucose. ⬇️🍭
Increases insulin 🔑 sensitivity in muscle and fat.
Metformin (Glucophage) Adverse Effects
Nausea, diarrhea (early in tx) 🤢💩
Metformin (Glucophage) Comments
🏴☠️renal dysfunction🏴☠️
Hold for 2 days before and after IV contrast or may cause lactic acidosis.
Does not promote hypoglycemia if given alone ⬇️ 🍭
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide
Class
Sulfonylurea
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide
Mechanism of Action
Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin. 🔑
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide
Common Adverse Effects
Hypoglycemia ⬇️🍭
Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide
Comments
May be given w Metformin
May mask signs and symptoms of
DKA 🚩 🚩🚩
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Class
Thiazolidinedione (TZD)
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Mechanism of Action
Enhances insulin 🔑sensitivity in muscle and fat.
Does not decrease hepatic production of glucose
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Common Adverse Effects
Risk of fluid retention and CHF
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Comments
May be given with or without metformin.
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Class
DPP-4 Inhibitor / incretin enhancer
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits breakdown of incretins (incretins increase insulin secretion)
Decreases glucagon secretion.
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Common Adverse Effects
Relatively few, rare hypoglycemia
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Comments
May be given with metformin.
Good for pts w high post prandial glucose levels.
Glucagon
Class
Antidote
Glucagon
Mechanism of Action
Promotes hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Can also induce relaxation of GI tract.
Glucagon
Common Adverse Effects
Hyperglycemia
Glucagon
Comments
IM, IV, SQ, Intranasal (LOC)
Can be given in non-diabetic situations
