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MedSurg > Oral Diabetic Medication > Flashcards

Oral Diabetic Medication Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Class

A

Biguanide

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2
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits hepatic production and release of glucose. ⬇️🍭
Increases insulin 🔑 sensitivity in muscle and fat.

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3
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, diarrhea (early in tx) 🤢💩

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4
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Comments

A

🏴‍☠️renal dysfunction🏴‍☠️
Hold for 2 days before and after IV contrast or may cause lactic acidosis.
Does not promote hypoglycemia if given alone ⬇️ 🍭

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5
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide

Class

A

Sulfonylurea

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6
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide

Mechanism of Action

A

Stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin. 🔑

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7
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide

Common Adverse Effects

A

Hypoglycemia ⬇️🍭

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8
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol) Glimepiride (Amaryl) Glyburide

Comments

A

May be given w Metformin
May mask signs and symptoms of
DKA 🚩 🚩🚩

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9
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Class

A

Thiazolidinedione (TZD)

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10
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Mechanism of Action

A

Enhances insulin 🔑sensitivity in muscle and fat.
Does not decrease hepatic production of glucose

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11
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Common Adverse Effects

A

Risk of fluid retention and CHF

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12
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Comments

A

May be given with or without metformin.

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13
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Class

A

DPP-4 Inhibitor / incretin enhancer

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14
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Mechanism of Action

A

Inhibits breakdown of incretins (incretins increase insulin secretion)
Decreases glucagon secretion.

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15
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Common Adverse Effects

A

Relatively few, rare hypoglycemia

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16
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Comments

A

May be given with metformin.
Good for pts w high post prandial glucose levels.

17
Q

Glucagon

Class

A

Antidote

18
Q

Glucagon

Mechanism of Action

A

Promotes hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Can also induce relaxation of GI tract.

19
Q

Glucagon

Common Adverse Effects

A

Hyperglycemia

20
Q

Glucagon

Comments

A

IM, IV, SQ, Intranasal (LOC)
Can be given in non-diabetic situations

MedSurg (6 decks)

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