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Cardiac Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Classification:

A

Loop diuretic

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2
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Uses

A

Rapid Diuresis

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3
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Pertinent Labs

A

Potassium 🍌, renal indices (renal failure index)

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4
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Key adverse effects

A

Hypokalemia ⬇️🍌 and postural hypotension with too rapid diuresis

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5
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO 👅 or IV
Monitor Urine Output

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6
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Classification:

A

Thiazide diuretic

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7
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Uses:

A

milder PO 👅 diuretic 💦

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8
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Pertinent Labs:

A

Potassium 🍌, renal indices

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9
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hypotension, hypokalemia ⬇️🍌

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10
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Nursing Considerations:

A

PO 👅, may cause hyperglycemia ⏫🍭 in diabetic pts.

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11
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Classification

A

Potassium Sparing Diuretic;
Antihypertensive

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12
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Uses

A

Mild PO 👅 diuretic
Hypertension
Hypokalemia ⬇️🍌

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13
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Pertinent Labs

A

Potassium 🍌

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14
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Key Adverse Effects

A

Hyperkalemia ⏫🍌

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15
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Nursing Considerations

A

PO
Use with caution in renal pts
Contraindicated in those with hyperkalemia ⏫🍌 or acute renal failure

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16
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Classification

A

Electrolyte supplement

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17
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Uses

A

Hypokalemia ⬇️🍌

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18
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Pertinent labs

A

Potassium 🍌
Renal indices

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19
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Key adverse effects

A

Hyperkalemia ⏫🍌

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20
Q

Potassium Chloride Supplement
Nursing Considerations

A

PO or IVPB (NEVER push)
Contraindicated in renal pts or those with hyperkalemia ⏫🍌
Use with caution in pts taking a potassium sparing diuretic

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21
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Classification

A

ACE inhibitor

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22
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Uses

A

Lowers BP
Prevents ventricular remodeling ❤️🛠

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23
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Pertinent Labs

A

Creatinine
Potassium 🍌

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24
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
Key adverse effects

A

Hypotension
Cough
Elevated potassium

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25
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) Nursing Considerations
PO 👅 Monitor BP Watch for signs of angioedema 🤥 and anaphylaxis especially in African Americans 👩🏾‍🦳 UWC in renal pts
26
Losartan (Cozaar) Classification
Angiotension Receptor Blocker (ARB)
27
Losartan (Cozaar) Uses
Hypertension
28
Losartan (Cozaar) Pertinent labs
BUN/Cr
29
Losartan (Cozaar) Key Adverse Effects
Allergic reaction
30
Losartan (Cozaar) Nursing Considerations
PO 👅 Watch for signs of facial and tongue swelling 🤥, wheezing, and dyspnea
31
Metropolol (Lopressor) Classification
Beta-adrenergic blocker
32
Metropolol (Lopressor) Uses
Lowers BP and HR
33
Metropolol (Lopressor) Key Adverse Effects
Bradycardia ⬇️❤️
34
Metropolol (Lopressor) Nursing Considerations
PO 👅 or IV Use with caution in asthma/COPD Only hold with MD order
35
Carvedilol (Coreg) Classification
Beta-blocker with alpha-blocking activity
36
Carvedilol (Coreg) Uses
Lowers BP and HR
37
Carvedilol (Coreg) Key Adverse Effects
Hypotension Bradycardia ⬇️❤️
38
Carvedilol (Coreg) Nursing Considerations
PO
39
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Classification
Calcium channel blocker Antianginal Antiarrhythmic
40
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Uses
Angina Hypertension Atrial fib/flutter
41
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Pertinent labs
Liver function Renal function
42
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Key Adverse Effects
Major conduction problems i.e. heart blocks Bradycardia
43
Diltiazem (Cardizem) Nursing Considerations
PO or IV EKG, HR, and BP monitoring with IV Continuous infusion with IV pump
44
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Classification
Calcium channel blocker Antianginal
45
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Uses
Angina Hypertension
46
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Key adverse effects
Peripheral edema
47
Amlodipine (Norvasc) Nursing considerations
PO Monitor BP Does not effect conduction or contractility of the ❤️
48
Lanoxin (Digoxin) Classification
Inotropic medication Cardiac glycoside
49
Lanoxin (Digoxin) Uses
Lowers HR and increases myocardial contractility in pts with CHF
50
Lanoxin (Digoxin) Pertinent labs
Digoxin level Potassium
51
Lanoxin (Digoxin) Key Adverse Effects
Bradycardia Nausea 🤢 Visual disturbances 😵‍💫
52
Lanoxin (Digoxin) Nursing Considerations
PO or IV Obtain apical pulse for 1 minute before administration Hold digoxin if HR < 60 Increased risk for toxicity if hypokalemia
53
Nitroglycerin Classification
Vasodilator Antianginal Nitrate
54
Nitroglycerin Uses
Decreases preload and afterload
55
Nitroglycerin Pertinent labs
Cardiac enzymes
56
Nitroglycerin Key Adverse Effects
Hypotension HA
57
Nitroglycerin Nursing Considerations
IV, Transdermal, PO, SL Evaluate chest pain prior to every SL dose Monitor chest pain and BP during use
58
Simvastatin (Zocor) Classification
Antilipemic
59
Simvastatin (Zocor) Uses
Lowers cholesterol levels
60
Simvastatin (Zocor) Pertinent labs
Liver profile
61
Simvastatin (Zocor) Key Adverse Effects
Muscle aches Joint aches HA
62
Simvastatin (Zocor) Nursing Considerations
PO
63
Lipid-Altering Agents Classification
Statins Fibric acid derivatives Bile acid sequestrants Cholesterol absorption inhibitors Nicotinic acid
64
Lipid-Altering Agents Uses
Alter lipid levels. Each drug used based on pts underlying lipid abnormality.
65
Lipid-Altering Agents Key Adverse Effects
Muscle aches Hepatic dysfunction
66
Lipid-Altering Agents Nursing Considerations
PO Often given at night SE can often be managed by adjusting dose
67
Contrast Dye Uses
To enhance imaging during CTs, angiograms, MRI
68
Contrast Dye Pertinent labs
Creatine and GFR
69
Contrast Dye Key Adverse Effects
Contrast induced nephropathy esp in those with CKD and DM Allergy to dye
70
Contrast Dye Nursing Considerations
IV forms all contain iodine PO may be iodine free Monitor renal labs before and after procedure Pts at r/f renal damage, prehydrate
71
Heparin Classification
Anticoagulant
72
Heparin Uses
Prevents enlargement of existing clots and formation of new clots
73
Heparin Pertinent labs
aPTT Pltlt count
74
Heparin Key Adverse Effect
BLEEDING/hemorrhage
75
Heparin Nursing Considerations
IV or SQ SQ injections: give in abdoment >/= 2 inches from umbilicus, do not aspirate, do not massage area Dose muse be peer verified before administration Antidote: protamine sulfate
76
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Dalteparin (Fragmin) Classification
LMW heparin
77
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Dalteparin (Fragmin) Uses
Prevent DVT in at risk pts
78
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Dalteparin (Fragmin) Key Adverse Effects
Bleeding Injection site hematoma
79
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Dalteparin (Fragmin) Nursing Considerations
Administer in the love handles Only SQ Do not expel air bubble from syringe Do not massage injection site
80
Apixaban (Eliquis) Classification
Facto Xa inhibitor Direct oral anticoagulants
81
Apixaban (Eliquis) Uess
Prevention or treatment of DVT, PE, stroke
82
Apixaban (Eliquis) Key adverse effects
Bleeding
83
Apixaban (Eliquis) Nursing Considerations
PO Coagulation testing limited No "bridge" from continuous heparin needed Antidote available
84
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Classification
Factor Xa inhibitor Direct oral anticoagulants
85
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Uses
Afib DVT/PE CAD
86
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Key Adverse Effects
Bleeding
87
Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Nursing Considerations
PO Coagulation testing limited No "bridge" from continuous heparin needed Antidote available
88
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Classification
Anticoagulant
89
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Uses
Prevention of stroke, MI, DVT, and pulmonary embolism
90
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Pertinent labs
PT/INR
91
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Key Adverse Effects
Bleeding
92
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Nursing Considerations
PO Regular monitoring of INR Must "bridge" from continuous heparin Antidote: vitamin K and FFP
93
Vitamin K (Mephyton) Uses
Reversal of anticoagulation d/t warfarin
94
Vitamin K (Mephyton) Pertinent Labs
PT/INR
95
Vitamin K (Mephyton) Nursing Considerations
PO most common
96
Vitamin K (Mephyton) Key Adverse Effects
If anticoagulant reversed too much, increase risk of stroke, MI, PE
97
Alteplase Classification
Thrombolytic agent Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
98
Alteplase Uses
Clot buster in acute stroke, PT, STEMI To restore function in clotted central line
99
Alteplase Pertinent labs
CBC aPTT PT/INR
100
Alteplase Key Adverse Effects
Hemorrhage
101
Alteplase Nursing Considerations
IV Initiates local fibrinolysis by binding to fibrin within the clot and converting plasminogen to plasmin CAREWFUL MONITORING OF PT BP, HR, EKG, neuro status, s/s of bleeding
102
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Classification
AntiplateletClopidogrel (Plavix)
103
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Uses
Stroke/MI prevention
104
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Pertinent labs
Pltlt count
105
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Key Adverse Effects
Bleeding
106
Clopidogrel (Plavix) Nursing Considerations
PO Use with. CAUTION in pts taking other medications that promote bleeding Contraindicated if actively bleeding
107
Aspirin Classification
NSAID Antiplatelet
108
Aspirin Key Adverse Effects
Bleeding
109
Aspirin Nursing Considerations
PO Can be ototoxic and cause ringing in the ears

MedSurg (6 decks)

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