Oral Communication and Media Literacy Flashcards
Paralanguage
includes intonation, pitch, and volume
Paraphrased Quotation
the author is conveying the meaning of what was said without necessarily repeating the exact words of the speaker
(The president said he would pay teachers more.)
Formal Presentation
a variety of forms of public speaking which all allow students to plan ahead and present their ideas in a logical and cogent manner to the class
Conversation
an informal discussion among students facilitated by the teacher which allows students to practice their active listening and speaking skills
Direct Quotation
an exact reproduction of the words of an author or a speaker that are set-off in quotation marks
(Patrick Henry said, “Give me liberty, or give me death!”)
Overgeneralization
the application of a grammar rule in a place where it doesn’t apply
(A student adds -s to make everything plural, even irregular plural nouns. “I brushed my tooths this morning.”)
Demonstrative Pronoun
this, that, these, those
(These boxes are ready for shipment. Those boxes aren’t.)
Tense
words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time
(Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak.)
Dialogue Tag
followed or preceded by a comma or punctuation mark, with quotation marks around the quotation
(As Mark exited the highway, he thought, “I hope this is the right way.”)
Oral Language Assessment
Listen to, analyze, and record brief episodes of students’ oral language to assess needs, strengths, interests, and next steps to support growth.
Precise (Writing)
in writing, a sentence that contains specific details and avoids wordy descriptions
(turquoise instead of light bluish green)
Connotation
the implied meaning of a word; the feeling a word conveys
(Describing a person as “shrewd” may make them feel negatively, even though the definition (sharp-witted, intelligent) is positive.)
Group Discussion
a conversation among the students on a particular topic which the teach may observe, but not direct
Discourse
the function of language in a social context
(Some languages are inferential while others are direct.)
Growth Chart
a tool for assessing a students mastery of oral language skills
Active Listening
method of communication that focuses on mutual understanding to prevent confusion that includes attending, listening, and responding
(focused attention)
Transition Words
Phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together.
First, next, last, on the other hand
Rhetorical Appeal
arguments using people’s desire to elevate their status
(a commercial suggesting that buying a certain smartphone will make the buyer popular)
Loaded Words
terms with strong positive or negative connotations
(saying “slashed prices” in a commercial instead of “reduced prices”)
Digital Story
a collection of many types of files artfully arranged to tell one’s story
Desired User Image
technique that plays upon the types of people viewers want to be–athletes, sex symbols, productive workers, caring mothers–and suggests that a particular product or service will help them achieve become that type of person
(car commercials featuring beautiful women, suggesting that if you own this type of car you too will be attractive to others)
Persuasive Media
Visual and media elements that seek to convince the audience to feel or believe a certain message.
(Commercials, political ads, editorial cartoons)
Multimedia Presentation
presentations that incorporate sounds, images, videos, and text to impart the speaker’s message
Wiki
online tool for creating and managing content collaboratively
Informational Media
Media elements that seek to provide factual information to the audience
(News programs, newspapers, magazines, documentaries)
Entertainment Media
Visual and media elements purely for enjoyment of the audience.
(Movies, TV programs, computer or electronic games)
Testimonial
a person’s written or spoken statement that articulates the benefits of a product
(an advertisement featuring “average people” praising a new truck)
Realized User Image
an advertisement that recognizes who someone is and suggests that they fit the consumer role that product fills
(an advertisement targeting overworked moms)
Bandwagon Fallacies
appeals to popularity, suggest that the majority’s opinion or preference is valid
(“Four out of five people prefer lemon-lime soap!”)
Educational Media
Programs designed to instruct the viewer on a topic
(Rosetta Stone software, Sesame Street, Khan Academy)
Logical Appeal
using figures, graphs, statistics, historical analogues, or studies to persuade an audience from a fact-based perspective
(an advertisement that claims a certain type of cleaner removes 99% more germs than their competitor)
Appeal to Authority
using someone’s status, position, or background as a way to persuade an audience
(celebrity endorsements)
Emotional Appeal
using strong language to persuade an audience by evoking feelings
(commercials advertising animal welfare organizations might show ill or unhealthy puppies and kittens in an effort to engage the audience’s feelings)