Oral Cavoty And Pharynx Flashcards
What are the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Intrinsic muscles (3 axis • 4 paired muscles • Motor innervation (hypoglossal nerve) Extrinsic muscles • Genioglossus • Hypoglossus • Styloglossus - Motor innervation (hypoglossal nerve) • Palatoglossus - Motor innervation (Vagus nerve)
What Connects the submandibular gland to oral cavity
Wharton duct Connects the submandibular gland to oral cavity
What is Communication between parotid and oral cavity
Stensen duct
Describe the sublingual glands
Salivary glands -Sublingual
Only produce 3-5% of saliva • Smallest and most diffuse of the major salivary glands • 8-20 excretory ducts per gland
What is sialolithiasis
Salivary gland stones (Sialolithiasis) Most stones are located in the submandibular glands • Dehydration, reduced salivary flow • Most stones less than 1cm diameter • Symptoms (eating stimulates) If duct blocked : —Pain in gland — Swelling —infection • Diagnosis- history, x-ray, sialogram
Describe tonsillitis
Fever • Sore throat • Pain/difficulty swallowing • Cervical lymph nodes • Bad breath • Viral causes (most common) • Bacterial causes (up to 40% of cases)
• Strep pyogenes
What is a peritonsilar abscess
Severe throat pain • Fever • Bad breath • Drooling • Difficulty opening mouth • Can follow on from an untreated or partially treated tonsillitis • Can arise on its own • Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria Changes voice Uvula deviated bc unilateral
Descrbe the nasopharynx
• Boundaries
• Base of skull to upper border of soft qpalate
• Posterior (C1, C2)
• Anterior (nasal cavity)
• Contains
• Pharyngeal tonsil
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx - areas names adeter what the pharynx lies behid
Nasopharynx - extends down as far as soft palate - down to uvula. Contains adenoids
Decsribe the oropharynx
- Boundaries
- Soft palate to epiglottis
- Anterior (oral cavity)
- Posterior (C2, C3)
- Contains
- Palatine tonsils
Describe the laryngopharynx
- Boundaries
- Oropharynx to oesophagus
- Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
- Anterior (larynx)
- Posterior (C4,C5,C6)
- Contains
- Piriform fossa
What are the 3 longitudinal muscles
• 3 x longitudinal muscles- (elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing)
• Stylopharyngeus
• Palatopharyngeus
• Salpingopharngeus
Connects with thyroid cartilage - moves larynx up
What are th attachments and nerve supply of the longitudinal muscle s
Stylopharyngeus
• Styloid process - posterior border of thyroid cartilage
• Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
Palatopharyngeus
• Hard palate- posterior border of thyroid cartilage
• Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
Salpingopharyngeus
• Cartilaginous part of ET- merges with palatopharyngeus
• Pharyngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
What are the 3 circular muscles
3 x circular muscles- (constrict walls of pharynx when swallowing)
• Superior pharyngeal constrictor
• Middle pharyngeal constrictor
• Inferior pharyngeal constrictor - Has 2 parts
- Thyropharyngeal
- Cricopharyngeal
• Vagus (CN X)
Or the pharyngeal Ashe - fuse with muscle at the back - fibres from each side fuse at the back
What is a pharyngeal pouch
70 year old man presents with • Bad breath • Regurgitation of food • Occasional choking on fluids • General difficulty swallowing
• A posteromedial (false) diverticulum Probably due to:
• Failure of the UOS to relax
• Abnormal timing of swallowing
- Essentially there is a higher pressure in laryngopharynx
- Weakness in Inferior constrictor muscle produces outpouching (there are 2 components o this )
• Symptoms related to food material collecting in pouch or disruption of swallow
Give a general overview of nerve innervation of the pharynx
Pharyngeal plexus
• Located mainly on surface of middle constrictor muscle
• Vagus, glossopharyngeal and cervical sympathetic nerves
Motor
• CN X innervates all muscles
• Except stylopharyngeus (Glossopharygeal nerve (CN IX)
Sensory
• Naospharynx (maxillary nerve CN V2) • Oropharynx (glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX) *
• Laryngopharynx (vagus nerve (CN X)
