Oral Cavity, Tongue Development, Taste Flashcards
the upper and lateral lip lymphatic drainage drains to where
submandibular nodes
the medial lower lip lymphatic drainage drains to where
submental nodes
Separates oral cavity from nasal cavities and nasopharynx
palate
the anterior 2/3rd of the palate is
hard
the posterior 1/3 of the palate is
soft
Transmits nasopalatine nerves & terminal branches of
sphenopalatine arteries
incisive foramen of the hard palate
what travels through the greater palatine foramen
greater palatine nerve
greater palatine artery
lesser palatine artery (variable)
what travels through the lesser palatine foramen
lesser palatine nerve
lesser palatine artery (variable)
Formed by tendons of tensor veli palatini muscle and strengthened by the palatine aponeurosis
soft palate
Space between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
Isthmus of the fauces of the soft palate
Closure of oropharyngeal isthmus brings the _____ and ______ together ; elevation of _______ ; depression of ________
tongue and soft palate ; tongue ; soft palate
Closure of oropharynx from nasopharynx results in the elevation of the
soft palate
MOTOR
All the muscles of the soft palate are innervated by CN ___ via ________ EXCEPT the tensor veli palatini which is innervated by CN ____
X ; pharyngeal plexus ; V3
What has this origin:
pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube and petrous portion of temporal bone
Levator veli palatini
What seals off nasopharynx and elevates the soft palate
Levator veli palatini
what equalizes air pressure by changing shape of auditory tube
Levator and tensor veli palatini
What has this origin:
scaphoid fossa & lateral wall auditory tube
tensor veli palatini
What does the following:
Forms palatine aponeurosis
Tenses soft palate
Equalizes air pressure by
opening auditory tube
tensor veli palatini
What muscle does the following:
Closes off oral cavity from oropharynx
Elevates posterior tongue
Draws soft palate closer to tongue
Palatoglossus muscle
What muscle does the following:
Forms palatopharyngeal
arch
Seals off oropharynx by bringing pharyngeal walls
superiorly, anteriorly, and
medially during swallowing
Palatopharyngeus muscle
What muscle does the following:
Closes off nasopharynx
Shortens & elevates uvula
Musculus uvulae
Lesion/injury to what causes the following:
Inability to elevate palate or contract musculus uvulae on ipsilateral side
Intact side elevates & pulls the
uvula
Injury to pharyngeal branch of
vagus
Sensory innervation of the palate is via CN ____
CN V2
What 3 nerves provide sensory innervation to the palate and are branches of CN V2
Greater palatine n.
Lesser palatine n.
Nasopalatine n.
PS and S innervation to the palate are via what 2 nerves
nerve of the pterygoid canal made up of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve
the greater petrosal nerve via CN VII carry what fibers
PreGPS and taste
the deep petrosal nerve carries what fiber
PostGS
arterial blood supply to the palate occurs via what 3 arteries
descending palatine artery
greater palatine artery
lesser palatine artery
Venous Drainage of the palate occurs via
Tributaries of pterygoid venous
plexus
Remnant of the thyroglossal duct
foramen cecum
What vein is visible underneath thin mucosal membrane and involved in the rapid absorption of drugs
deep lingual nerve
The extrinsic muscles alter what of the tongue
position
The intrinsic muscles alter what of the tongue
shape
all muscles of the tongue are innervated by CN ______ EXCEPT the palatoglossus muscle which is innervated by CN ______
XII ; X
What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles
hyoglossus
styloglossus
genioglossus
palatoglossus
what extrinsic muscle originates from lateral portion of body and greater horn of hyoid and inserts into inferolateral aspect of tongue
hyoglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
depresses the tongue
pulls sides inferiorly
assists in retrusion
hyoglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
Originates from styloid process and stylohyoid ligament and inserts into posterolateral tongue; interdigitating with
hyoglossus
styloglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
Curl the sides of the tongue (working with genioglossus to create a trough)
Retrusion
styloglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
originates from superior mental spine (genial tubercle)
of mandible and inserts into dorsum of tongue and body of hyoid
genioglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
BILATERALLY
Depresses tongue centrally, creating a trough
Posterior portions pull tongue anteriorly (protrusion)
Anterior portions retract apex
genioglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
UNILATERALLY
Deviates tongue to contralateral side
genioglossus muscle
what extrinsic muscle:
is the palate muscle
palatoglossus muscle
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
what kind of tongue development?
From proliferation of mesenchyme in the
1st pharyngeal arch
Anterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
Median lingual swelling (tuberculum impar) appears at end of week 4 in the floor of the primordial pharynx just rostral to the foramen cecum = tongue bud
Anterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
2 lateral lingual swellings
develop in each side of the tongue bud
Anterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
The lateral lingual swellings enlarge & merge with each other
Overgrow the median lingual swelling (tongue bud)
Does not contribute significantly to the adult tongue
Anterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
Merged lateral lingual swellings = anterior 2/3rd of the tongue
Marked externally by the midline groove on the dorsum of the tongue
Marked internally by the lingual septum
Anterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
Two elevations from pharyngeal arch 2 develop caudal to the foramen cecum = copula
Posterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
An additional area develops caudal to the copula from pharyngeal arches 3 & 4 = hypopharyngeal eminence
Posterior tongue development
what kind of tongue development?
The hypopharyngeal eminence overgrows the copula & the copula disappears
Posterior tongue development
The line of fusion between the anterior & posterior parts of the tongue
terminal sulcus
Cranial neural crest invades to give rise to
connective tissue
Myoblasts migrate from 2nd-5th occipital myotomes & bring CN _____ with them
XII
At birth all of the tongue located in the
oral cavity
By age 4 posterior 1/3rd of the tongue has descended forming the anterior border of the
oropharynx
Lingual papillae appear toward the end of week
8
Filiform papillae appear during weeks ______ and contain nerve endings of the ______ nerve
10-11 ; lingual
Taste buds develop during weeks ____ by inductive
interaction between the epithelial cells of the tongue &
invading gustatory nerve cells from the chorda tympani, CN
____, and CN ____
11-13 ; IX ; X
Taste reflex pathways established by weeks _____
26-28
Incomplete fusion of the lateral lingual swellings which results in a deep midline groove through the anterior portion of the tongue
Bifid or cleft tongue
Regarding innervation of the tongue, what fibers hitch a ride on CN XII to
Superior root ansa cervicalis
Nerve to thyrohyoid
Nerve to geniohyoid
C1 fibers
CN XII lesion makes the tongue do what
project to ipsilateral side of lesion and atrophy of ipsilateral side over time
the LMNs in the hypoglossal nucleus fibers form CN ____
XII
CN XII does what
Ipsilateral projection from nucleus to muscle targets
The LMNs in the hypoglossal nucleus are stimulated by _______ only EXCEPT for the _____ pathway
contralateral UMNs ; corticobulbar
CN ___ innervates palatoglossus via pharyngeal nerve
CN X
regarding innervation of the tongue
what nerve is a branch of CN V3 and is involved in general sensation: pain, temperature, touch
lingual nerve
what nerve loops under the submandibular duct
lingual nerve
regarding innervation of the tongue, what is this:
Branch of CN VII
Taste from anterior 2/3rd tongue
PreGPS to submandibular and
sublingual glands
chorda tympani
A lesion to what nerve where would cause the following symptoms:
IPSILATERAL SIDE:
Sensory complications – ant.
2/3rd tongue & floor of the
mouth
Taste – ant. 2/3rd tongue
Dry mouth – patient may not notice difference
Lesion in the oral cavity to the lingual nerve
Regarding innervation of the tongue, what nerve does this:
General sensation from posterior 1/3rd tongue
Taste fibers from posterior 1/3rd tongue
CN IX
Regarding innervation of the tongue, what nerve does this:
Courses between the palatoglossus and
palatopharyngeus muscles
traveling with or near styloglossus muscle (within
tonsillar fossa)
CN IX
Peripheral Target:
CN VII via chorda tympani n
anterior 2/3rd tongue
Peripheral Target:
CN VII via greater petrosal n:
palate
Peripheral Target:
CN IX (oral branch):
posterior 1/3rd tongue
Peripheral Target:
CN X (internal laryngeal n):
epiglottis
1st order cell bodies location?
CN VII:
geniculate ganglion
1st order cell bodies location?
CN IX:
inferior ganglion of CN IX
1st order cell bodies location?
CN X:
inferior (nodose) ganglion of CN X
What artery supplies root of tongue
dorsal lingual artery
what artery supplies body of tongue
deep lingual artery
What artery supplies floor of mouth & sublingual gland
deep lingual artery
what 2 veins are involved in the venous drainage of the tongue
deep lingual vein
dorsal lingual vein
Lymphatic drainage:
Tip of tongue & frenulum:
Submental nodes
Lymphatic drainage:
Lateral portions ant 2/3rd:
Submandibular nodes
Lymphatic drainage:
Medial portion ant 2/3rd:
Inferior deep cervical nodes
Lymphatic drainage:
Posterior 1/3rd:
Superior deep cervical nodes
The mylohyoid muscle is innervated by nerve to ______ via CN ____
mylohyoid ; V3
What muscle elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tongue during swallowing and speaking
mylohyoid muscle
the geniohyoid muscle is innervated by
C1 (nerve to geniohyoid)
What muscle pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly, shortens floor of mouth, widens
pharynx
geniohyoid muscle
What glands are innervated by chorda tympani (CN VII)
submandibular glands
sublingual glands
