Oral Cavity Path Flashcards
Dental Caries
Pathologic Process and Epidemiological Significance (2)
Focal demineralization of enamel and dentin by acidic metabolites of sugars fermented by bacteria
Main cause of tooth loss before age 35
One of the most common diseases worldwide
Gingivitis
Description and Complications (2)
Inflammation of oral mucosa around teeth
Dental plaque: bacteria, salivary proteins and desquamated epithelial cells
Tartar: mineralized plaque
Periodontitis Description (3), Complication and Associated Diseases (7)
Inflammation of the periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone and cementum
Destruction of ligaments leads to loosened/lost teeth
Leukemia AIDS Crohns Diabetes Downs Syndrome Sarcoidosis Neutrophil Defects
Aphthous Ulcers (Canker sore) Characteristics (4)
Very painful
Recurrent
Superficial mucosal ulcers
Lined by a ring of erythema
Traumatic Fibroma
Cause and Description
Reactive proliferation from repetitive trauma
Submucosal nodular mass of fibrous connective tissue
Pyogenic Granuloma
Description (3), Progression, Populations (3)
Red/purple highly vascular inflammatory lesion found in the gingiva
Can progress to peripheral ossifying fibroma
Kids
Pregnant women
Young adults
Oral Cavity Infections with Presentations
HSV (2), Candida (3), Mucromycosis (1)
Herpes Simplex Virus
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (gingival sores)
Recurrent herpetic stomatitis (cold sores)
Candida albicans
pseudomembranous (thrush), erythematous, or hyperplastic
Mucormycosis
Hematogenous invasion of sinuses
Scarlet Fever Oral Presentations (2)
Red tongue with prominent papillae (raspberry)
White tongue with hyperemic papillae (strawberry)
Measles
Oral Presentation
Koplik spots: buccal ulcerations around Stensen duct of parotid gland
Infectious mononucleosis Oral Presentations (3), Diagnosis, Cause, Histology
Gray-white exudative membrane via pharyngitis/tonsilitis
Enlarged neck lymph nodes
Palatal petechiae
+ monospot test
EBV causes
Atypical lymphocytes
Diphtheria Oral Presentation (4)
Dirty white, fibrinosuppurative inflammatory membrane over tonsils and retropharynx
HIV Oral Presentations (4)
HSV
Candida
Kaposi Sarcoma
Hairy Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia vs Erythroplakia
Descriptions (2/5) and Risk of Complication
Leukoplakia
White plaque on lateral tongue that can’t be scraped off
Considered precancerous until proven otherwise
Erythroplakia
Red, vascular, slightly depressed, atypical lesion
**Much higher rate of malignant transformation
Classic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Precursor Steps (4), Risk Factors (2), Morphology (4), Immunohistochemistry
Hyperplasia/Hyperkeratosis
Mild/Moderate dysplasia
Carcinoma in situ
Squamous cell carcinoma
Alcohol
Tobacco
Ulcerated, protruding masses with irregular and indurated borders
Cytokeratin positive
Odontogenic Keratocyst
Description (2)
Malignant cysts requiring complete surgical excision to avoid recurrence
