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Anatomy > Oral Cavity Lecture > Flashcards

Oral Cavity Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What structures form the roof of the oral cavity?

A

Hard and Soft Palate form the roof of the oral cavity

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2
Q

What structures form the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Tongue and sublingual region form the floor of the oral cavity

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3
Q

What structures form the anterior/lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

Teeth and gums form the anterior/lateral walls of the oral cavity

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4
Q

What structures form the posterior/lateral walls of the oral cavity?

A

The palatoglossal arches form the posterior/lateral walls of the the oral cavity

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5
Q

After the oral cavity, food has free access to the rest of the alimentary canal via the _______

A

Oro- and naso- pharynx

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6
Q

What portion of the oral cavity is made up by the hard palate?

A

The anterior 2/3 of the oral cavity is made up by the hard palate

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7
Q

What bone(s) comprise the hard palate?

A

The maxilla and the palatine bone comprise the hard palate

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8
Q

The soft palate makes up what portion of the oral cavity?

A

The soft palate makes up the posterior 1/3 of the oral cavity

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9
Q

What structures comprise the soft palate?

A

Muscle tissue and uvula comprise the soft palate

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10
Q

The oral cavity serves as the ______ to the alimentary canal

A

Entryway to the alimentary canal

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11
Q

Describe the role of palatine glands within the soft palate

A

Palatine glands are mucous glands that add thickness anteriorly to the soft palate

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12
Q

Describe the role of the aponeurosis within the soft palate

A

The aponeurosis adds strength to the anterior 1/3 of the soft palate

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13
Q

Describe the role of the muscles within the soft palate

A

The muscles add mobility to the posterior 2/3 of the soft palate

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14
Q

What is the pterygomandibular raphe?

A

The pterygomandibular raphe is a tough, white line of connective tissue

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15
Q

What does the tendon of the palatoglossus muscle contribute to?

A

The palatoglossus m. tendon contributes to the tensor veli palatini

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16
Q

From where does the tensor veli palatini m. arise (origin)?

A

Tensor veli palatini m. arises from the sphenoid bone

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17
Q

Between its origin and insertion, what path does the tensor veli palatini take?

A

The tensor veli palatini descends from its origin and then turns 90 degrees around the medial pterygoid hamulus

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18
Q

Where does the tensor veli palatini m. insert?

A

The tensor veli palatini m. inserts into palatine aponeurosis

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19
Q

What is/are the function(s) of the tensor veli palatini m.

A

The functions of the tensor veli palatini m are to TENSE & DEPRESS the soft palate

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20
Q

From a lateral view, what covers most of the tensor veli palatini m.?

A

The Levator veli palatini m. covers most of the tensor veli palatini m. when looking laterally

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21
Q

From where does the levator veli palatini arise (origin)?

A

Levator veli palatini m originates from the temporal bone and auditory tube

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22
Q

Where does the levator veli palatini insert?

A

Levator veli palatini m inserts into the palatine aponeruosis

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23
Q

What 2 muscles insert into the palatine aponeurosis?

A

Both levator veli palatini m. and tensor veli palatini m. insert into the palatine aponeurosis

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24
Q

Levator veli palatini m. is located just posteriomedial to __________

A

Levator veli palatini m. is located just posteriomedial to tensor veli palatini m.

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25
Q

What are the functions of levator veli palatini m.?

A

Functions of levator veli palatini m are to ELEVATE & RETRACT soft palate

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26
Q

What arteries supply the palate?

A

Soft Palate Arterial Supply includes:

  1. Descending palatine a.
  2. Greater palatine a.
  3. Lesser palatine a.
    * *note: the descending palatine a gives rise to both the greater and lesser palatine aa
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27
Q

In regards to the soft palate, describe the role and path of the descending palatine a.

A

Within the soft palate, the descending palatine a. gives rise to the greater and lesser palatine aa.
–>descends thru palatine canal

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28
Q

What artery is descending palatine a. a branch of?

A

Branch of Maxillary a.

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29
Q

What is significant about descending palatine a as a branch of maxillary a.

A

descending palatine a. is a TERMINAL branch of maxillary a.

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30
Q

What part of the soft palate does the greater palatine a. supply

A

greater palatine a. supplies the anterior (hard) palate

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31
Q

What is the passageway thru which the greater palatine a passes?

A

greater palatine a passes thru the greater palatine foramen

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32
Q

What is the passageway thru which the descending palatine a passes?

A

descending palatine a passes thru the palatine canal

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33
Q

What part of the soft palate does the lesser palatine a. supply?

A

lesser palatine a supplies the posterior (soft) palate

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34
Q

What is the passageway thru which the lesser palatine a passes?

A

lesser palatine a passes thru the greater OR lesser palatine foramen

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35
Q

What is the venous drainage for the soft palate?

A

Soft palate venous drainage is via the Pterygoid plexus and the Pharyngeal Plexus

36
Q

What three nerves innervate the palate?

A

Palate innervated by:

  1. Nasopalatine n
  2. Greater palatine n
  3. Lesser palatine n
37
Q

The three nerves which innervate the palate are branches of what?

A

nasopalatine, greater palatine, and lesser palatine nn. are all branches of CN V2 (maxillary branch)

38
Q

What does the nasopalatine n. innervate?

A

Nosopalatine n. (CN V2) innervates the TIP of the palate

39
Q

Through what structure does the nasopalatine n. pass?

A

Nasopalatine n passes thru INCISIVE canal

40
Q

What does the greater palatine n. innervate?

A

Greater palatine n. (CN V2) innervates the Anterior (hard) palate

41
Q

Through what structure does the greater palatine n. pass?

A

greater palatine n passes thru greater palatine foramen

42
Q

Before reaching the palate, the nasopalatine n. runs along _______ in the nasal cavity.

A

Nasopalatine n. runs along the nasal septum in the nasal cavity

43
Q

What does the lesser palatine n innervate?

A

lesser palatine n innervates the POSTERIOR (soft) palate

44
Q

Through what structure does the lesser palatine n. pass?

A

lesser palatine n. passes thru lesser palatine foramen

45
Q

The greater and lesser palatine nn travel with ____________

A

greater and lesser palatine nn travel with the greater and lesser palatine vessels, respectively

46
Q

What is the arterial and sensory nerve supply of the Anterior Palate?

A

Anterior palate has arterial blood supply from the greater palatine a, and sensory n. supply from the greater palatine n.

47
Q

What is the arterial and sensory nerve supply of the Posterior Palate?

A

Posterior palate has arterial blood supply from the lesser palatine a. and sensory n supply from the lesser palatine n.

48
Q

What two nerves supply the motor innervation for the soft palate?

A

The mandibular n (CN V3) and the Vagus n. (CN X)

49
Q

What is the motor innervation for tensor veli palatinin m.?

A

Mandibular n (CN V3) provides motor innervation to tensor veli palatini

50
Q

What is the motor innervation for levator veli palatini m.?

A

Vagus n. (CN X) provides motor innervation to levator veli palatini

51
Q

Within the soft palate, what muscles are innervated by CN X (motor)?

A

Levator veli palatini and all other muscles** EXCEPT for tensor veli palatini receive motor innervation from CN X via the pharyngeal plexus.
**Other muscles are salpingopharyngeus, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, and musculus uvulae

52
Q

Describe the location of the palatine tonisls

A

Palatine tonsils are locatterd bilaterally in Oropharynx in tonsillar bed (fossa) between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches from inferior to posterior, and between the soft palate and lingual tonsil anteriorly to posteriorly

53
Q

With age, palatine tonsils may become _____

A

tonsils may become inconspicuous

54
Q

What arteries supply the palatine tonsils?

A
  1. Tonsillar branch of Lingual a.
  2. Tonsillar branch of Facial a.
  3. Ascending pharyngeal a.
  4. Lesser palatine a.
55
Q

What do the tonsillar brs of lingual and facial aa and ascending pharyngeal a have in common?

A

All are branches of EXTERNAL CAROTID a.

56
Q

What is the lesser palatine a a branch of?

A

Lesser palatine a is a branch of descending palatine a.

57
Q

What is a tonsillectomy?

A

A tonsillectomy is the surgical removal of the palatine tonsils

58
Q

Why does heavy bleeding often occur during a tonsillectomy?

A

Lots and lots of anastamoses result in excessive bleeding during tonsillectomy

59
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the palatine tonsils

A

Venous drainage of palatine tonsils is from the tonsillar bed region, which includes the paratonsillar v.

60
Q

Aside from arterial bleeding during a tonsillectomy, what other vessel must a surgeon be aware of to avoid heavy bleeding?

A

The paratonsillar v can also result in heavy bleeding from a tonsillectomy

61
Q

What structure does CN IX lie upon?

A

CN IX lies on the lateral pharyngeal wall

62
Q

Why is CN IX especially vulnerable to injury?

A

CN IX is vulnerable to injury because the lateral pharyngeal wall (where is rests) is very thin

63
Q

Where is the sublingual region?

A

Sublingual region = under tongue

64
Q

Within the oral cavity, what structure attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

Lingual frenulum attaches tongue to floor of mouth

65
Q

Where do you find the opening of the submandibular duct within the oral cavity?

A

On each side of the lingual frenulum is the opening of the submandibular duct

66
Q

Describe the sublingual fold

A

Within the oral cavity, the sublingual fold is a mucosal fold overlying the sublingual gland

67
Q

What is another name for the sublingual fold?

A

Sublingual caruncle

68
Q

Describe the origin and path of the tensor veli palatini, and also the action

A 
Arises from sphenoid bone
•  Descends & turns 90° around medial
pterygoid hamulus
•  Insert into palatine aponeurosis
•  Tenses & depresses soft palate
69
Q

Describe the origin, insertion, and action of levator veli palatini

A

Arises from temporal bone & auditory tube
Inserts into palatine aponeurosis
Elevates & retracts soft palate

70
Q

What is the vascular supply to the soft palate?

A

Descending palatine a
-Greater Palatine: anterior palate
-Lesser palatine: posterior palate
Pterygoid & pharyngeal plexuses

71
Q

What is the sensory innervation (include foramen) to the palate?

A

Nasopalatine n. (CN V2) – Supplies tip of palate – passes thru incisive canal
Greater Palatine n. (CNV2) – Supplies anterior palate – Passes thru greater palatine foramen
Lesser Palatine n. (CN V2) – Supplies posterior palate – Passes thru lesser palatine foramen

72
Q

What is the motor supply of the soft palate? Be specific for each structure

A 
Mandibular n. (CN V3)
– Supplies tensor veli palatini m.
•  Vagus n. (CN X)
– Supplies levator veli palatini m.
– All other mm. of palate (4) supplied by Vagus n. (via pharyngeal plexus)
73
Q

What is the arterial supply to the palatine tonsils?

A 
Tonsillar brs of lingual & facial aa.
    –  Both brs. of external carotid a.
•  Ascending pharyngeal a.
    –  Br. of external carotid a.
•  Lesser palatine a.
    –  Br. of descending palatine a.
74
Q

What structures are at risk during a tonsillectomy?

A
  • Lingual/facial/ascending pharyngeal/lesser palatine aa can bleed
  • Paratonsillary vein can bleed
  • CN IX can be injured
75
Q

_______ crosses the _____ twice before innervating the tongue

A

Lingual Nerve (CN V3) crosses the Submandibular duct (wharton’s duct) twice before innervating the tongue

76
Q

Lingual n. is a branch of ______.

Its pathway is _____.

A

Br. CN V3
• Emerges between lat. &
med. pterygoid mm.
• Passes post. To 3rd molar

77
Q

Describe the features of the submandibular ganglion including location, suspention, fibers, and target(s)

A

~Level of 3rd molar
• Suspended from lingual n. by 2 or more short n. brs.
• Relays p-symp. Fibers from chorda tympani (CNVII)
• These fibers travel to submandibular and sublingual glands

78
Q

Describe the pathway, relative location to relevant nerves and muscles, fiber type, and target of Hypoglossal N (CN X!I)

A

Deep to post. belly digastric and stylohyoid mm.
• Runs anterior between submandibular gland and hyoglossus m.
• Inferior to lingual n.
• Superior to mylohyoid m.
• Ends in posterior tongue to provide motor innervation

79
Q

Describe the pathway, relative location to relevant mm/regions, fiber type, and target of the glossopharyngeal n. within the oral cavity

A

Runs lateral to stylopharyngeus m. to enter pharynx
• Between superior & middle constrictor mm.
• Continues anteriorly thru tonsillar region
• Ends in posterior tongue to provide sensory innervation

80
Q

What are the attachments of the genioglossus m?

A

Genoid tubercle of the mandible to the tongue

81
Q

What are the effects of unilateral and bilateral paralysis of the genioglossus m?

A

Unilateral paralysis of CNXII affects straight protrusion
– Intact side protrudes more than affected side
– Results in deviation of tongue toward paralyzed side
• Bilateral paralysis results in inability to protrude tongue
– Tongue falls back & may occlude airway (suffocation)

82
Q

What is the major arterial supply to most superficial structures of the oral cavity

A

Facial artery

83
Q

What is the name of the artery supplying most deep structures of the oral cavity, including the tongue, and what are its branches?

A

Lingual a-

Dorsal Lingual, deep lingual, sublingual

84
Q

What are the three sources of innervation to the maxillary arch and which regions belong to which specifically?

A

Ant. Supr. Alveolar n.–br. of Infra orbital n. (CNV2) – supplies incisors & canines
• Mid. Supr. Alveolar n.–br. of Infra orbital n.(CNV2) – supplies premolars & mesiobuccal root of 1st molar
• Post. Supr. Alveolar n.–br.of Maxillary n.(CNV2) – supplies molars, except mesiobuccal root of 1st molar

85
Q

What structure physically connects the superior pharyngeal constrictor m with the buccinator m?

A

Pterygomandibular raphe

86
Q

What are the 4 sources of arterial supply to the arches and what are they branches of?

A

Ant. Supr. Alveolar a. – br. of Infraorbital a.
• Mid. Supr. Alveolar a. – br. of Infraorbital a.
• Post. Supr. Alveolar a. – br. of Maxillary a.
• Inferior Alveolar a. – br. of Maxillary a

87
Q

What is the innervation to the ROOT of the tongue?

A

IX (glossopharyngea) taste and sensory to posterior 1/3

X (internal br of superior laryngeal nerve) special sensory to epiglottal region

Anatomy (7 decks)

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