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Anatomy > Histo Exam 3 > Flashcards

Histo Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Define membrane

A

Membranes are flat sheets of tissue that cover or line a part of the body

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2
Q

An EPITHELIAL membrane consists of an epithelial tissue that is __________

A

Epithelial Tissue BOUND TO an underlying connective tissue layer (In other words, it is the epithelial tissue and connective tissue together that compose the epithelial membrane)

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes?

A

Epithelial Membrane Types:

  1. Cutaneous Membranes
  2. Mucous Membranes
  3. Serous Membranes
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4
Q

Skin is also known as _________ membranes

A

SKIN= CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES

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5
Q

Cutaneous membranes cover the _______ surface of the body

A

Cover the EXTERNAL surface of the body

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6
Q

Epidermis is what kind of tissue?

A

Epidermis = Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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7
Q

Dermis consists of what kind(s) of tissue?

A

Dermis =

  1. Areolar Connective Tissue
  2. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
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8
Q

Cutaneous Membranes consist of what two layers?

A

Consists of …

  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
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9
Q

Mucous Membranes are commonly referred to as _________

A

Mucosa

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10
Q

What kinds of body surface to mucous membranees line?

A

Mucosa lines a body cavity that OPENS DIRECTLY to the EXTERIOR

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11
Q

Give some common examples of body systems/tracts that are lined by mucous membranes

A

Find mucosa lining all of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts

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12
Q

Mucous membranes are composed of _________ and an __________ called the Lamina Properia

A

Mucous membranes consist of LINING EPITHELIUM and an UNDERLYING LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE called the “lamina properia”

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13
Q

What kind of connective tissue is the underlying layer of connective tissue found in mucosa?

A

CT of mucosa is AREOLAR connective tissue

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14
Q

A Mucous membrane is a ______ membrane and often there are _______ cells and other types of epithelial cells that secrete __________ to prevent cavities from drying out

A

A mucous membrane is WET membrane and often there are GOBLET cells and other types of epithelial cells that secrete MUCOUS to prevent cavities from drying out.

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15
Q

Serous Membranes are also referred to as ______

A

Serous membranes = SEROSA

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16
Q

Serous membranes line body cavities that ________________ and the ______ that lie within that cavity

A

Serous membranes line body cavities that do NOT OPEN DIRECTLY to the EXTERIOR and the ORGANS that lie within that cavity

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17
Q

Serous membrane consists of what two tissue/cell layers?

A

SErous membrane: Consists of MESOTHELIUM (simple squamous epithelium) with underlying AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE

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18
Q

Name the 4 boundaries of the Oral Cavity (according to Dr. Burgoon)

A
  1. Cheeks
  2. Hard and Soft Palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Floor of mouth
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19
Q

What are lips/labia exactly?

A

Lips/Labia are fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and contain the obicularis oris muscle

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20
Q

The lips are the location of a ________ junction

A

Lips are at a MUCOCUTANEOUS junction

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21
Q

The oral cavity opens into the oropharynx through an opening called the _____

A

Fauces

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22
Q

Name the TWO parts of the oral cavity

A
  1. Vestibule

2. Oral Cavity Proper

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23
Q

Define the Oral Cavity Vestibule

A

Vestibule is the space between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth

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24
Q

Define the Oral Cavity Proper

A

Oral Cavity Proper has a superior border of the hard and soft palates; inferior border of the tongue and the floor of the mouth; the posterior border in the entrance to the oropharynx; and all other borders are teeth

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25
Q

The primary epithelium of the oral cavity is _________

A

Primary = Nonkeratenized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

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26
Q

LINING mucosa is found where in the oral cavity?

A

Found covering the soft palate, lips, cheeks, inferior surface of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth

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27
Q

Other than the primary epithelium, what is another type of epithelium is readily found within the oral cavity

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is ALSO found within the oral cavity

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28
Q

Where in the oral cavity do you find MASTICATORY mucosa?

A

Found at the hard palate, gingiva, and the dorsum of the tongue

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29
Q

When surface cells have a nucleus, is it keratinized or not?

A

NONkeratinized with nucleus

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30
Q

What are the 4 types of lingual papillae that are seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue anterior to the terminal sulcus?

A
  1. Filiform Papillae
  2. Fungiform Papillae
  3. Circumvallate (or Vallate) Papillae
  4. Folliate Papillae
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31
Q

What is the foramen cecum?

A

An embryonic remnant of the thyroglossal duct

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32
Q

Filiform papilla are most _____ and most ____ in humans

A

Filiform: Most SMALL and most NUMEROUS in humans

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33
Q

Describe the shape of the filiform papilla, and in what direction do they point?

A

Filiform are shaped like CORN, and they point to the PHARYNX

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34
Q

To what degree are filiform papilla keratinized, and why is that the case?

A

Filiform are HIGHLY keratinized, and this is because that will aid in licking thinks and in manipulating food within the mouth

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35
Q

What is the association between Filiform Papilla and Taste Buds?

A

There are NO taste buds associated with filiform papilla

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36
Q

How do Fungiform papilla compare physically on the tongue to Filiform papilla

A

Fungiform are mushroom in shape, and also are less numerous and more scattered that filiform papilla

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37
Q

Describe the degree of vascularity seen in fungiform papilla, as well as their location on the tongue

A

Fungiform papilla are HIGHLY vascularized, and can be found on the dorsal surface of the tongue

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38
Q

To what degree are Fungiform papilla keratinized?

A

Fungiform papilla are only SLIGHTLY keratinized

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39
Q

Vallate papilla are the ______ and _________ type of papillae

A

Vallate are the LARGEST and LEAST NUMEROUS

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40
Q

Describe the shape of the Vallate papilla, as well as where they can be located

A

Vallate are DOME shaped and can be found ONLY ANTERIOR TO THE TERMINAL SULCUS along the lateral wall (not the dorsal surface)

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41
Q

Name the gland at the base of the Vallate papilla and describe its function

A

Von Ebrner Glands….are found at the base of Vallate papillae
These are SEROUS glands that produce saliva, because constantly flushing out that area to allow other chemicals to find the taste buds

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42
Q

Describe the degree of keratinization found in Vallate papillae

A

Vallate are on ly slightly keratinized

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43
Q

Where can you locate Foliate Papillae

A

Foliate papilla can be found of the LATERAL ASPECT of the tongue

44
Q

How does a person’s age impact their Foliate papilla?

A

Only young people have the foliate papilla because as you age, you lose them

45
Q

Within the oral cavity, what does “special sensation” mean?

A

Taste

46
Q

What kinds of receptors are taste buds?

A

Chemoreceptors

47
Q

The sensory receptor organ for the oral cavity is _________

A

Taste Buds

48
Q

What are the 3 cells of Taste buds?

A
  1. Neuroepithelial Cells
  2. Supporting Cells
  3. Basal Cells (stem cells for #1 and 2)
49
Q

Describe Neuroepithelial Cells of Taste Buds

A

Neuroepithelial cells are yellow chemoreceptors that contain GUSTATORY hair - - which is actually long microvilli and the site where chemicals bind

50
Q

Describe Enamel according to tissue, hardness, composition and origin

A

Enamel:

  • A cellular mineralized tissue without collagen
  • Hardest substance in the body
  • Contains HA crystals (96%)
  • Consists of enamel rods
  • Produced by ameoblast cells, ectoderm
51
Q

Describe dentin composition, hardness, origin, production

A

Dentin:

  • 70% HA, 2nd hardest in body
  • Produced from odonoblasts, mesenchyme
  • Produce PREdentin that then becomes dentin
52
Q

What are the 3 Major Salivary Glands?

A

There are 3 paired salivary glands:

  1. Parotid Gland
  2. Submandibular Gland
  3. Sublingual Gland
53
Q

Major Salivary Glands are stimulated to secrete by the ________ system

A

By the Parasympathetic Nervous System

54
Q

Major Salivary Glands are INHIBITED by the _________ system

A

Inhibited by the SYMPATHETIC nervous system

55
Q

The secretory portion of major salivary glands is called an __________

A

Acinus

56
Q

An ACINUS is a ______ sac composed of ________ cells

A

An acinus is a BLIND sac composed of SECRETORY cells

57
Q

What type of organs are salivary glands

A

Accessory digestive organs

58
Q

Salivary glands are surrounded by a __________ tissue with spta dividing secretory portions into __________

A

Salivary glands are surrounded by a capsule of DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE with septa dividing secretory portions into LOBES and LOBULES

59
Q

Minor salivary glands in the submucosa of the oral cavity are named based of _________

A

Their location

60
Q

What are the 2 major types of secretory cells associated with Salivary Glands

A
  1. Serous Cells

2. Mucous Cells

61
Q

Serous cells are _________, ______-secreting cells

A

Serous cells are POLARIZED, PROTEIN-secreting cells

62
Q

Serous cells typically produce what?

A

Digestive Enzymes and Other Proteins

63
Q

Describe the morphology of Serous Cells

A

Pyramidal in Shape - BROAD BASE on BASIL LAMINA…and…NARROW APICAL SURFACE facing LUMEN

64
Q

Serous cells contain _________ granules

A

Serous cells contain SECRETORY (ZYMOGEN) GRANULES

65
Q

Where can secretory (zymogen) granules be found?

A

Found in Apical Cytoplasm

66
Q

What kind of cytoplasm has Rough ER and Free Ribosomes?

A

Basophilic Cytoplasm

67
Q

What do mucous cells produce

A

Mucins

68
Q

Describe the morphology of Mucous cells

A

Cuboidal or Columnar in shape

69
Q

Where is the nucleus located in a Mucous Cell

A

Nucleus at the base of the cell

70
Q

Mucous Cells contain ______ granules, found in ________ cytoplasm

A

Contain MUCINOGEN GRANULES, found in the APICAL cytoplasm

71
Q

What is a common, but minor cell associated with salivary glands?

A

Myoepithelial Cells

72
Q

Where do you find Myoepithelial cells?

A

Found within the basil lamina of secretory units, and the initial part of the duct system

73
Q

When myoepithelial cells contract, what happens

A

Upon contraction, myoepithelial cells will ACCELERATE secretion of their product

74
Q

What is the basic unit of a salivary gland (ie salivon) composed of>

A
  1. Acinus
  2. Intercalcated duct
  3. Striated duct
  4. Excretory duct
74
Q

What is the basic unit of a salivary gland (ie salivon) composed of>

A
  1. Acinus
  2. Intercalcated duct
  3. Striated duct
  4. Excretory duct
75
Q

What are the 3 secretory acini found in salivary glands?

A
  1. Serous Acini
  2. Mucous Acini
  3. Mixed Acini
75
Q

What are the 3 secretory acini found in salivary glands?

A
  1. Serous Acini
  2. Mucous Acini
  3. Mixed Acini
76
Q

Describe Serous Acini

A

Serous cell only; Generally spherical shape

76
Q

Describe Serous Acini

A

Serous cell only; Generally spherical shape

77
Q

Describe Mucous Acini

A

mucous cell only; generally tubular shaped; LOOK EMPTY AFTER STAINING

77
Q

Describe Mucous Acini

A

mucous cell only; generally tubular shaped; LOOK EMPTY AFTER STAINING

78
Q

Describe Mixed Acini

A

Contain both serous and mucous cells; in traditional fixation methods in appears the MUCOUS ACINI have a CAP OF SEROUS CELLS called “serous demilunes” which are found in the sublingual and submandibular glands

78
Q

Describe Mixed Acini

A

Contain both serous and mucous cells; in traditional fixation methods in appears the MUCOUS ACINI have a CAP OF SEROUS CELLS called “serous demilunes” which are found in the sublingual and submandibular glands

79
Q

Serous Demilunes are actually what?

A

Artifacts from fixation process due to serous cells out-pushing…DOES NOT HAPPEN IN THE BODY

79
Q

Serous Demilunes are actually what?

A

Artifacts from fixation process due to serous cells out-pushing…DOES NOT HAPPEN IN THE BODY

80
Q

What are the 3 segments of ducts of salivary glands?

A
  1. Intercalcated Ducts
  2. Striated Duct
  3. Intertubular or Excretory Ducts
80
Q

What are the 3 segments of ducts of salivary glands?

A
  1. Intercalcated Ducts
  2. Striated Duct
  3. Intertubular or Excretory Ducts
81
Q

Describe intercalcated ducts

A

Leads from the acinus
Duct lined with lined with low cuboidal epithelial cells
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Poorly developed in mucous glands.

81
Q

Describe intercalcated ducts

A

Leads from the acinus
Duct lined with lined with low cuboidal epithelial cells
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Poorly developed in mucous glands.

82
Q

Describe striated ducts

A

See “striations” which are actually infoldings of the basal plasma membrane of the cells that line the duct
Duct lined by simple cuboidal epithelium that gradually becomes columnar
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Absent in mucous glands.

82
Q

Describe striated ducts

A

See “striations” which are actually infoldings of the basal plasma membrane of the cells that line the duct
Duct lined by simple cuboidal epithelium that gradually becomes columnar
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Absent in mucous glands.

83
Q

Describe Interlobuular (excretory) ducts

A

Larger ducts that empty into the oral cavity
Transforms
From simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar
OR
From stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar As duct increases in size.
May be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium as it approaches the oral epithelium.

83
Q

Describe Interlobuular (excretory) ducts

A

Larger ducts that empty into the oral cavity
Transforms
From simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar
OR
From stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar As duct increases in size.
May be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium as it approaches the oral epithelium.

84
Q

Describe Parotid Gland

A

Lies between skin and masseter muscle
Relatively long excretory duct called the parotid duct which opens into the mouth at the parotid papilla (found on the cheek opposite the second upper molar)
Branched acinar gland
Completely serous gland in humans.

84
Q

Describe Parotid Gland

A

Lies between skin and masseter muscle
Relatively long excretory duct called the parotid duct which opens into the mouth at the parotid papilla (found on the cheek opposite the second upper molar)
Branched acinar gland
Completely serous gland in humans.

85
Q

Describe submandibular gland

A

Relatively long excretory duct called the submandibular duct which empties on either side of the lingual frenulum
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly serous in humans.

85
Q

Describe submandibular gland

A

Relatively long excretory duct called the submandibular duct which empties on either side of the lingual frenulum
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly serous in humans.

86
Q

Describe sublingual gland

A

Lesser sublingual ducts open into the floor of the mouth
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly mucous in humans.

86
Q

Describe sublingual gland

A

Lesser sublingual ducts open into the floor of the mouth
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly mucous in humans.

87
Q

Saliva is ___% water and ____% soutes

A

99.5; .5

87
Q

Saliva is ___% water and ____% soutes

A

99.5; .5

88
Q

How much saliva do we secrete in a day

A

1-1.5 L/day

88
Q

How much saliva do we secrete in a day

A

1-1.5 L/day

89
Q

What are the 2 roles of saliva

A
  1. Protective

2. Digestive

89
Q

What are the 2 roles of saliva

A
  1. Protective

2. Digestive

90
Q

What are the 5 protective and digestive roles specifically for saliva

A
  1. Moisten oral mucosa
  2. Moisten dry foods
  3. Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
  4. Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
  5. Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide)
90
Q

What are the 5 protective and digestive roles specifically for saliva

A
  1. Moisten oral mucosa
  2. Moisten dry foods
  3. Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
  4. Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
  5. Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide)

Anatomy (7 decks)

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