Histo Exam 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Define membrane
A
Membranes are flat sheets of tissue that cover or line a part of the body
2
Q
An EPITHELIAL membrane consists of an epithelial tissue that is __________
A
Epithelial Tissue BOUND TO an underlying connective tissue layer (In other words, it is the epithelial tissue and connective tissue together that compose the epithelial membrane)
3
Q
What are the 3 types of epithelial membranes?
A
Epithelial Membrane Types:
- Cutaneous Membranes
- Mucous Membranes
- Serous Membranes
4
Q
Skin is also known as _________ membranes
A
SKIN= CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES
5
Q
Cutaneous membranes cover the _______ surface of the body
A
Cover the EXTERNAL surface of the body
6
Q
Epidermis is what kind of tissue?
A
Epidermis = Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
7
Q
Dermis consists of what kind(s) of tissue?
A
Dermis =
- Areolar Connective Tissue
- Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
8
Q
Cutaneous Membranes consist of what two layers?
A
Consists of …
- Epidermis
- Dermis
9
Q
Mucous Membranes are commonly referred to as _________
A
Mucosa
10
Q
What kinds of body surface to mucous membranees line?
A
Mucosa lines a body cavity that OPENS DIRECTLY to the EXTERIOR
11
Q
Give some common examples of body systems/tracts that are lined by mucous membranes
A
Find mucosa lining all of the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts
12
Q
Mucous membranes are composed of _________ and an __________ called the Lamina Properia
A
Mucous membranes consist of LINING EPITHELIUM and an UNDERLYING LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE called the “lamina properia”
13
Q
What kind of connective tissue is the underlying layer of connective tissue found in mucosa?
A
CT of mucosa is AREOLAR connective tissue
14
Q
A Mucous membrane is a ______ membrane and often there are _______ cells and other types of epithelial cells that secrete __________ to prevent cavities from drying out
A
A mucous membrane is WET membrane and often there are GOBLET cells and other types of epithelial cells that secrete MUCOUS to prevent cavities from drying out.
15
Q
Serous Membranes are also referred to as ______
A
Serous membranes = SEROSA
16
Q
Serous membranes line body cavities that ________________ and the ______ that lie within that cavity
A
Serous membranes line body cavities that do NOT OPEN DIRECTLY to the EXTERIOR and the ORGANS that lie within that cavity
17
Q
Serous membrane consists of what two tissue/cell layers?
A
SErous membrane: Consists of MESOTHELIUM (simple squamous epithelium) with underlying AREOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
18
Q
Name the 4 boundaries of the Oral Cavity (according to Dr. Burgoon)
A
- Cheeks
- Hard and Soft Palate
- Tongue
- Floor of mouth
19
Q
What are lips/labia exactly?
A
Lips/Labia are fleshy folds that surround the opening of the mouth and contain the obicularis oris muscle
20
Q
The lips are the location of a ________ junction
A
Lips are at a MUCOCUTANEOUS junction
21
Q
The oral cavity opens into the oropharynx through an opening called the _____
A
Fauces
22
Q
Name the TWO parts of the oral cavity
A
- Vestibule
2. Oral Cavity Proper
23
Q
Define the Oral Cavity Vestibule
A
Vestibule is the space between the lips and teeth and between the cheeks and teeth
24
Q
Define the Oral Cavity Proper
A
Oral Cavity Proper has a superior border of the hard and soft palates; inferior border of the tongue and the floor of the mouth; the posterior border in the entrance to the oropharynx; and all other borders are teeth
25
The primary epithelium of the oral cavity is _________
Primary = Nonkeratenized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
26
LINING mucosa is found where in the oral cavity?
Found covering the soft palate, lips, cheeks, inferior surface of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth
27
Other than the primary epithelium, what is another type of epithelium is readily found within the oral cavity
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium is ALSO found within the oral cavity
28
Where in the oral cavity do you find MASTICATORY mucosa?
Found at the hard palate, gingiva, and the dorsum of the tongue
29
When surface cells have a nucleus, is it keratinized or not?
NONkeratinized with nucleus
30
What are the 4 types of lingual papillae that are seen on the dorsal surface of the tongue anterior to the terminal sulcus?
1. Filiform Papillae
2. Fungiform Papillae
3. Circumvallate (or Vallate) Papillae
4. Folliate Papillae
31
What is the foramen cecum?
An embryonic remnant of the thyroglossal duct
32
Filiform papilla are most _____ and most ____ in humans
Filiform: Most SMALL and most NUMEROUS in humans
33
Describe the shape of the filiform papilla, and in what direction do they point?
Filiform are shaped like CORN, and they point to the PHARYNX
34
To what degree are filiform papilla keratinized, and why is that the case?
Filiform are HIGHLY keratinized, and this is because that will aid in licking thinks and in manipulating food within the mouth
35
What is the association between Filiform Papilla and Taste Buds?
There are NO taste buds associated with filiform papilla
36
How do Fungiform papilla compare physically on the tongue to Filiform papilla
Fungiform are mushroom in shape, and also are less numerous and more scattered that filiform papilla
37
Describe the degree of vascularity seen in fungiform papilla, as well as their location on the tongue
Fungiform papilla are HIGHLY vascularized, and can be found on the dorsal surface of the tongue
38
To what degree are Fungiform papilla keratinized?
Fungiform papilla are only SLIGHTLY keratinized
39
Vallate papilla are the ______ and _________ type of papillae
Vallate are the LARGEST and LEAST NUMEROUS
40
Describe the shape of the Vallate papilla, as well as where they can be located
Vallate are DOME shaped and can be found ONLY ANTERIOR TO THE TERMINAL SULCUS along the lateral wall (not the dorsal surface)
41
Name the gland at the base of the Vallate papilla and describe its function
Von Ebrner Glands....are found at the base of Vallate papillae
These are SEROUS glands that produce saliva, because constantly flushing out that area to allow other chemicals to find the taste buds
42
Describe the degree of keratinization found in Vallate papillae
Vallate are on ly slightly keratinized
43
Where can you locate Foliate Papillae
Foliate papilla can be found of the LATERAL ASPECT of the tongue
44
How does a person's age impact their Foliate papilla?
Only young people have the foliate papilla because as you age, you lose them
45
Within the oral cavity, what does "special sensation" mean?
Taste
46
What kinds of receptors are taste buds?
Chemoreceptors
47
The sensory receptor organ for the oral cavity is _________
Taste Buds
48
What are the 3 cells of Taste buds?
1. Neuroepithelial Cells
2. Supporting Cells
3. Basal Cells (stem cells for #1 and 2)
49
Describe Neuroepithelial Cells of Taste Buds
Neuroepithelial cells are yellow chemoreceptors that contain GUSTATORY hair - - which is actually long microvilli and the site where chemicals bind
50
Describe Enamel according to tissue, hardness, composition and origin
Enamel:
- A cellular mineralized tissue without collagen
- Hardest substance in the body
- Contains HA crystals (96%)
- Consists of enamel rods
- Produced by ameoblast cells, ectoderm
51
Describe dentin composition, hardness, origin, production
Dentin:
- 70% HA, 2nd hardest in body
- Produced from odonoblasts, mesenchyme
- Produce PREdentin that then becomes dentin
52
What are the 3 Major Salivary Glands?
There are 3 paired salivary glands:
1. Parotid Gland
2. Submandibular Gland
3. Sublingual Gland
53
Major Salivary Glands are stimulated to secrete by the ________ system
By the Parasympathetic Nervous System
54
Major Salivary Glands are INHIBITED by the _________ system
Inhibited by the SYMPATHETIC nervous system
55
The secretory portion of major salivary glands is called an __________
Acinus
56
An ACINUS is a ______ sac composed of ________ cells
An acinus is a BLIND sac composed of SECRETORY cells
57
What type of organs are salivary glands
Accessory digestive organs
58
Salivary glands are surrounded by a __________ tissue with spta dividing secretory portions into __________
Salivary glands are surrounded by a capsule of DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE with septa dividing secretory portions into LOBES and LOBULES
59
Minor salivary glands in the submucosa of the oral cavity are named based of _________
Their location
60
What are the 2 major types of secretory cells associated with Salivary Glands
1. Serous Cells
| 2. Mucous Cells
61
Serous cells are _________, ______-secreting cells
Serous cells are POLARIZED, PROTEIN-secreting cells
62
Serous cells typically produce what?
Digestive Enzymes and Other Proteins
63
Describe the morphology of Serous Cells
Pyramidal in Shape - BROAD BASE on BASIL LAMINA...and...NARROW APICAL SURFACE facing LUMEN
64
Serous cells contain _________ granules
Serous cells contain SECRETORY (ZYMOGEN) GRANULES
65
Where can secretory (zymogen) granules be found?
Found in Apical Cytoplasm
66
What kind of cytoplasm has Rough ER and Free Ribosomes?
Basophilic Cytoplasm
67
What do mucous cells produce
Mucins
68
Describe the morphology of Mucous cells
Cuboidal or Columnar in shape
69
Where is the nucleus located in a Mucous Cell
Nucleus at the base of the cell
70
Mucous Cells contain ______ granules, found in ________ cytoplasm
Contain MUCINOGEN GRANULES, found in the APICAL cytoplasm
71
What is a common, but minor cell associated with salivary glands?
Myoepithelial Cells
72
Where do you find Myoepithelial cells?
Found within the basil lamina of secretory units, and the initial part of the duct system
73
When myoepithelial cells contract, what happens
Upon contraction, myoepithelial cells will ACCELERATE secretion of their product
74
What is the basic unit of a salivary gland (ie salivon) composed of>
1. Acinus
2. Intercalcated duct
3. Striated duct
4. Excretory duct
74
What is the basic unit of a salivary gland (ie salivon) composed of>
1. Acinus
2. Intercalcated duct
3. Striated duct
4. Excretory duct
75
What are the 3 secretory acini found in salivary glands?
1. Serous Acini
2. Mucous Acini
3. Mixed Acini
75
What are the 3 secretory acini found in salivary glands?
1. Serous Acini
2. Mucous Acini
3. Mixed Acini
76
Describe Serous Acini
Serous cell only; Generally spherical shape
76
Describe Serous Acini
Serous cell only; Generally spherical shape
77
Describe Mucous Acini
mucous cell only; generally tubular shaped; LOOK EMPTY AFTER STAINING
77
Describe Mucous Acini
mucous cell only; generally tubular shaped; LOOK EMPTY AFTER STAINING
78
Describe Mixed Acini
Contain both serous and mucous cells; in traditional fixation methods in appears the MUCOUS ACINI have a CAP OF SEROUS CELLS called "serous demilunes" which are found in the sublingual and submandibular glands
78
Describe Mixed Acini
Contain both serous and mucous cells; in traditional fixation methods in appears the MUCOUS ACINI have a CAP OF SEROUS CELLS called "serous demilunes" which are found in the sublingual and submandibular glands
79
Serous Demilunes are actually what?
Artifacts from fixation process due to serous cells out-pushing...DOES NOT HAPPEN IN THE BODY
79
Serous Demilunes are actually what?
Artifacts from fixation process due to serous cells out-pushing...DOES NOT HAPPEN IN THE BODY
80
What are the 3 segments of ducts of salivary glands?
1. Intercalcated Ducts
2. Striated Duct
3. Intertubular or Excretory Ducts
80
What are the 3 segments of ducts of salivary glands?
1. Intercalcated Ducts
2. Striated Duct
3. Intertubular or Excretory Ducts
81
Describe intercalcated ducts
Leads from the acinus
Duct lined with lined with low cuboidal epithelial cells
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Poorly developed in mucous glands.
81
Describe intercalcated ducts
Leads from the acinus
Duct lined with lined with low cuboidal epithelial cells
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Poorly developed in mucous glands.
82
Describe striated ducts
See “striations” which are actually infoldings of the basal plasma membrane of the cells that line the duct
Duct lined by simple cuboidal epithelium that gradually becomes columnar
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Absent in mucous glands.
82
Describe striated ducts
See “striations” which are actually infoldings of the basal plasma membrane of the cells that line the duct
Duct lined by simple cuboidal epithelium that gradually becomes columnar
Highly developed in serous glands as this duct will help to modify (i.e. involves absorption and additional secretion) the serous secretion to form final product
Absent in mucous glands.
83
Describe Interlobuular (excretory) ducts
Larger ducts that empty into the oral cavity
Transforms
From simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar
OR
From stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar As duct increases in size.
May be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium as it approaches the oral epithelium.
83
Describe Interlobuular (excretory) ducts
Larger ducts that empty into the oral cavity
Transforms
From simple cuboidal to pseudostratified columnar
OR
From stratified cuboidal to stratified columnar As duct increases in size.
May be nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium as it approaches the oral epithelium.
84
Describe Parotid Gland
Lies between skin and masseter muscle
Relatively long excretory duct called the parotid duct which opens into the mouth at the parotid papilla (found on the cheek opposite the second upper molar)
Branched acinar gland
Completely serous gland in humans.
84
Describe Parotid Gland
Lies between skin and masseter muscle
Relatively long excretory duct called the parotid duct which opens into the mouth at the parotid papilla (found on the cheek opposite the second upper molar)
Branched acinar gland
Completely serous gland in humans.
85
Describe submandibular gland
Relatively long excretory duct called the submandibular duct which empties on either side of the lingual frenulum
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly serous in humans.
85
Describe submandibular gland
Relatively long excretory duct called the submandibular duct which empties on either side of the lingual frenulum
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly serous in humans.
86
Describe sublingual gland
Lesser sublingual ducts open into the floor of the mouth
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly mucous in humans.
86
Describe sublingual gland
Lesser sublingual ducts open into the floor of the mouth
Branched tubuloacinar gland
Mixed gland, which is mostly mucous in humans.
87
Saliva is ___% water and ____% soutes
99.5; .5
87
Saliva is ___% water and ____% soutes
99.5; .5
88
How much saliva do we secrete in a day
1-1.5 L/day
88
How much saliva do we secrete in a day
1-1.5 L/day
89
What are the 2 roles of saliva
1. Protective
| 2. Digestive
89
What are the 2 roles of saliva
1. Protective
| 2. Digestive
90
What are the 5 protective and digestive roles specifically for saliva
1. Moisten oral mucosa
2. Moisten dry foods
3. Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
4. Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
5. Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide)
90
What are the 5 protective and digestive roles specifically for saliva
1. Moisten oral mucosa
2. Moisten dry foods
3. Provide medium for food materials to dissolve so they can chemically stimulate taste buds
4. Buffer contents of oral cavity (bicarbonate and phosphate ions)
5. Contains amylase that partially breaks down starch (i.e. polysaccharide)
