Oral Cavity - Hard And Soft Palate

Question 1

What parts of the oral cavity is made of soft tissue?

Answer 1

1. Pulp
2. Oral mucosa

Question 2

What parts of the oral cavity is made of hard tissue?

Answer 2

1. Teeth
2. Bone

Question 3

What is the border where the lips meet the oral mucosa?

Answer 3

Vermillion border

Question 4

Whats the organisation of the oral mucosa?

Answer 4

Stratified squamous epithelia (top layer) - can be keratinised or not
Basement membrane (bottom layer)
Lamina proper
Submucosa

Question 5

What are the different types of keratinisation?

Answer 5

• Orthokeratinised = no nucli at the surface layer only keratin
• Parakeratinised = nuclei retained but still has keratin eat surface layer
• Non-keratinised - = No keratin layer

Question 6

What is the difference between simple and stratified epithelium?

Answer 6

Simple - Single layer = normally used for gases or fluid exchange
Stratified - more than 2 layers = normal has a protective function

Question 7

What does endothelium mean?

Answer 7

Epithelium has blood vessels

Question 8

What is pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 8

Have cillia on the top surface, usually found in respiratory lining e.g lungs

Question 9

What factors effect connective tissue?

Answer 9

1. Tensile strength - provided by structural proteins e.g. collagen
2. Elasticity - provided by elastin fibres
3. Volume - provide shake absorption e.g. glycoproteins

Question 10

What is the connective tissue extra cellular martix? Where is it secreted from?

Answer 10

Fibres (elastin and collagen), ground substance (provide volume e..g glycoproteins) make up the extra cellular matrix
ECM
ECM is secreted from Fibroblasts

Question 11

What is the difference between connective tissue proper and supporting connective tissue?

Answer 11

• Conective tissue proper has both ECM fibres and ground substance
• supporting connective tissue is mainly fibres and less cell content

Question 12

What is ground substance?

Answer 12

• Highly hydrates substance with a mixture of macromolecules
• Fills space between fibres and act as shock absorbers
• Regulate the cells water content and diffusion
  Contain proteoglycans and glycoproteins these are produced by fibroblasts

Question 13

What are proteoglycans?

Answer 13

An extra cellular protein
- Found in ground substance
- Bind to water, acts as a growth factor and a cytokine

Question 14

How do cell bind to the ECM?

Answer 14

Cell can bind to the collagen in the fibres so need a link, the link is Fibronectin

The glycoproteins adhere to the Fibronectin

Question 15

What is Fibronectin?

Answer 15

Molecule that is on ECM structures to bind the cells to the ECM fibres

Question 16

How many types of collagen are there?

Answer 16

7

Question 17

What is elastin? Where is it made?

Answer 17

Made by the fibroblasts as tropoelastin and the Elastin polymer is made in the EMC

Elastin provides elasticity and allows the tissue to recover in shape if deformed

Question 18

What are the 5 type of cell adhesions?

Answer 18

1. Tight junctions
2. Adherens junctions
3. Desmosomes
4. Gap junctions
5. Hemidesmosome

Question 19

What is an Adherens junction?

Answer 19

Helps in cell-cell anchoring
Important in cellular signalling as it interacts with the cytoskeleton

Question 20

What are tight junctions?

Answer 20

When the 2 outer membranes of adjacent cells fuse, this forms a barrier and substances can’t pass through cells, solute can pass through the epithelial cell layer

Question 21

What are Desmosomes?

Answer 21

Found in tissue with mechanical stress as the filament junctions provide strength so cells aren’t forced apart
- On the inner surface of the cells there is ‘plaque’ formed by glycoproteins and this extends fibres (cadherins) that anchor the cell providing the strength

Question 22

What are Hemidesmosomes?

Answer 22

Attach the epithelial layer to the basement membrane

Question 23

What are gap junctions?

Answer 23

• Found in smooth muscle and heart, they allow them to contact as a unit
  Adjacent cells are connected by a hollow membrane proteins forming a channel when ions and small molecules move between the cells
  The channel is called a Connexon and is made of 6 smaller connexins