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GI Week 1 > Oral Cavity & Esophagus Histology > Flashcards

Oral Cavity & Esophagus Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Components of Digestive System:

A
  • Oral cavity
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Pancreas; Liver; Gallbladder
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2
Q

What are the four structural layers of the Digestive system?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Supporting wall
  4. Adventitia or Serosa
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3
Q

What is the mucosa made up of?

A

Epithelium, basement membrane, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae

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4
Q

What is the submucosa made up of?

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

What is the Supporting wall made up of?

A

Smooth or skeletal muscle, bone, cartilage

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6
Q

What ar the components of the lip?

A
  • Surface features
  • -Cutaneous area
  • -Red area
  • -Oral mucosa
  • Submucosa ?
  • Supporting wall: orbicular oris muscle
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7
Q

What are the components of the cheek?

A
  • Mucosa and submucosa: similar to lip
  • -Elastic tissue in submucosa helps reduce chomping on the mucosa
  • Supporting wall
  • -Buccinator muscle
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8
Q

Components of the Hard Palate:

A
  • Mucosa: stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
  • Submucosa: Absent in midline, anterior 1/3 has much fat, posterior 2.3 has many mucous glands
  • Supporting wall: Bone
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9
Q

Components of the Soft Palate:

A
  • Mucosa: Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium on oral side, Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium on nasal side
  • Submucosa: mixed glands
  • Supporting wall: Skeletal muscle and connective tissue
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10
Q

What makes up the ventral surface of the tongue?

A
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium

- Mixed glands beneath epithelium

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11
Q

What makes up the Dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  • Mucosa:
  • -Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
  • Lamina propria connects to underlying c.t.
  • Modified to form various papillae
  • Serous glands beneath circumvallate papillae
  • Mucous glands empty into tonsillar crypts
  • Supporting wall: Skeletal muscle (3 planes)
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12
Q

What is the nerve supply to the tongue?

A
  • Anterior 2/3 by cranial nerves V & VII

- Posterior 1/3 by cranial nerves IX and X

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13
Q

What are the four Tongue Papillae?

A
  • Filiform
  • Fungiform
  • Circumvallate
  • Foliate
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14
Q

What is the Filiform Papillae?

A
  • Most numerous type
  • V shaped structure with keratin at top
  • Occur in parallel rows across tongue
  • Keratinization most obvious at tip of papillae
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15
Q

What are the Fungiform Papillae?

A
  • Fewer in number, more numerous towards tip of tongue
  • Club shaped
  • May have slight reddish tint due to underlying vascularization
  • Some taste buds in epithelium
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16
Q

What nerve supplies the Fungiform Papillae?

A

Cranial Nerve VII

17
Q

What are the Circumvallate Papillae?

A
  • Adjacent ot sulcus terminalis
  • 7-12 in number
  • Each papilla is surrounded by a deep trench or moat
  • Taste buds numbers in sides of papillae
  • Serous glands of von Exner empty into trench
18
Q

What nerve supplies the Circumvallate Papillae?

A

Cranial Nerve IX

19
Q

What are Foliate Papillae?

A
  • Poorly developed in humans
  • Lateral sides of tongue
  • Taste buds are present
20
Q

What are taste buds associated with?

A

Circumvallate, fungiform and foliate papillae

21
Q

Where are taste buds embedded?

A

In epithelial layer

22
Q

What are three types of taste bud cells?

A
  • Sustentacular (supporting) cells
  • Taste receptor cells
  • Basal cells (give rise to other 2 types)
23
Q

What else should you know about taste buds?

A
  • Perceive modalities of taste (salt, sweet, sour, bitter, umami)
  • Constant turnover occurs
  • Nerve supply dependent
24
Q

What are the major salivary glands?

A
  • Parotid gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Sublingual gland
25
Q

What are the minor salivary glands?

A

-Mucous-serous glands in lamina propria and submucosa of oral cavity

26
Q

What is the composition of Saliva?

A

Water, cellular & bacterial debris, leukocytes, salts, salivary amylase, mucus, secretory IgA, desquamated epithelial cells
–1000-1500 ml saliva/day in humans

27
Q

What is the function of Saliva?

A
  • Lubrication & moistening of buccal mucosa and lips
  • Washes mouth of cellular and food debris
  • Moistens food for easy swallowing
  • Moistens food for tasting
  • Enzymes may initiate digestion of the food
28
Q

What is the morphology of major salivary glands?

A
  • Connective tissue capsule (capsule of parotid is especially pronounced)
  • Lobes and lobules
29
Q

What ar the different ducts of the Oral cavity/Esophagus?

A
  • Excretory duct
  • Striated duct (intralobar or secretory duct)
  • Intercalated duct
  • Alveolus
  • -Mucous
  • -Serous
  • -Demilunes
30
Q

What are Myoepithelial Cells?

A
  • Specialized smooth muscle cells
  • Between serous and/or mucous cells and basement membrane
  • Assist in discharge from the secretory cells
  • Associated with both the secretory unit and the beginning of the intercalated duct
31
Q

What is the Parotid Gland?

A
  • Prominent connective tissue capsule with c.t. separating lobes & lobules
  • Fat cells and fatty tissue common
  • Striated and intercalated ducts prominent
  • Acini almost 100% serous
32
Q

What is the Submandibular Gland?

A
  • Connective tissue capsule present but not conspicuous
  • Striated ducts well defined
  • Intercalated ducts scarce
  • Acini are 10-25% mucous & the rest serous
  • Mucous alveoli frequently capped with serous demilunes
33
Q

What is the Sublingual Gland?

A
  • Connective tissue capsule indistinct
  • Connective tissue septa are present within the gland
  • Excretory ducts prominent
  • Striated ducts not prevalent
  • Intercalated ducts non-existent
  • Acini 75 percent mucous with serous demilunes
34
Q

What are the four Esophageal layers?

A
  1. Mucosa
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Adventitia
35
Q

What makes up the Mucosa of the Esophagus?

A

(epithelium, lamina propria, mm)

-Mucous (cardiac) glands in upper and lower 1/3

36
Q

What make sup the Submucosa?

A

-Mucous glands in middle 1/3; submucosal nerve plexi; larger blood vessels and lymphatics

37
Q

What makes up the Mucularis externa?

A

-Skeletal muscle transitions to smooth muscle; myenteric nerve plexi

GI Week 1 (14 decks)

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