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GI Anatomy > Oral Cavity and Ptergopalatine Fossa > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Ptergopalatine Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

What four skeletal bones contribute to the oral cavity?

A
  1. Cranium
  2. Maxilla
  3. Mandible
  4. Hyoid bond (on top of the larynx)
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2
Q

What bone makes up the lateral and anterior margin of the mouth proper?

A

Mandible

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3
Q

The mylohyoid muscles attach to the oral cavity at this ridge.

A

mylohyoid line

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4
Q

Where might you find the submandibular and sublingual glands in the oral cavity?

A

the submandibular and sublingual fossae

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5
Q

What muscles attach to the superior and inferior mental spines?

A

genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles

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6
Q

Inferior and posterior to the mandible, you would find this U shaped bone.

A

hyoid bone

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7
Q

What are the three parts of the hyoid bone?

A
  1. Body
  2. Greater horn
  3. Lesser horn
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8
Q

This structure runs from the styloid process of the temporal bone and the lesser horn of the hyoid.

A

stylohyoid ligament

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9
Q

From which part of the hyoid bone does the stylohyoid ligament extend?

A

the lesser horn

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10
Q

Which muscle fibers of the oral cavity are contained by the lips?

A

orbicularis oris

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11
Q

What muscle of the oral cavity makes up part of the lateral boundaries, at is attached to both the maxilla and the mandible?

A

Buccinator muscle

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12
Q

List and describe the two subspaces of the oral cavity.

A
  1. oral vestibule: (The space that is in between the teeth and the mucosa of the cheek.) This space is external to the teeth and internal to the buccinators and lips
  2. mouth proper: remainder of the oral cavity: bound by teeth, tongue, palate, mandible and oropharynx posteriorly
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13
Q

Which subspace of the oral cavity is lined with oral mucosa?

A

Trick question: both of the spaces are lined with oral mucosa! oral vestibule and mouth proper

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14
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the mouth proper?

A

oropharynx

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15
Q

The oral cavity, including the musculoskeletal components, tongue and glands are lined with _________.

A

oral mucosa

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16
Q

What structures interrupt the oral mucosa?

A

The oral mucosa is interrupted in several locations by the termination of glands.

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17
Q

What boundary of the oral cavity is formed by the hard palate?

A

The hard palate forms the roof of the oral cavity.

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18
Q

What bones contribute to the hard palate?

A

palatine process of the maxilla, horizontal plate of the palatine bone

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19
Q

What muscle is associated with the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate?

A

tensor veli palatini

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20
Q

The soft palate attaches to the posterior portion of the hard palate by attaching to this portion of the palate skeleton…

A

posterior nasal spine

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21
Q

What three foramina are located in the hard palate and responsible for the transmission of neurovasculature?

A
  1. incisive canals
  2. greater palatine foramina
  3. lesser palatine foramina
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22
Q

Name the four muscles that attach to the soft palate.

A
  1. tensor veli palatini
  2. levator veli palatini
  3. palatopharyngeus
  4. palatoglossus
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23
Q

Where in the oral cavity will you find the musculus uvulae?

A

In the soft palate, posterior and inferior to the hard palate.

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24
Q

Which muscles of the oral cavity, when covered by mucosa, form the arches that bound the oral cavity from the oropharynx?

A
  1. palatopharyngeus muscle

2. palatoglossus muscle

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25
Q

Which two muscles of the oral cavity join the soft palate from superior attachments?

A

Levator veli palatini

Tensor veli palatini

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26
Q

How is the tensor veli palatine muscle associated with the hard palate?

A

It hooks around the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.

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27
Q

What is the blood supply for the hard palate?

A

greater palatine artery

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28
Q

From where does the hard palate receive its innervation?

A

greater palatine nerve

29
Q

What is the blood supply for the soft palate?

A

lesser palatine artery

30
Q

How is the soft palate innervated?

A

lesser palatine nerve

31
Q

The greater and lesser palatine artery are branches from what artery? (Hint: This artery is a terminal branch of the maxillary artery)

A

descending palatine artery

32
Q

Describe the location of the palatine tonsil?

A

The palatine tonsil is located in between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch.

33
Q

Which muscles are beneath the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal muscles

34
Q

Which cranial nerve sends branches to the palatine tonsil?

A

Cranial nerve IX, the glossopharyngeal nerve

35
Q

What two muscles comprise the floor of the oral cavity?

A
  1. The mylohyoid muscle

2. The geniohyoid muscle

36
Q

Describe the attachment sites for the mylohyoid muscle?

A

The mylohyoid muscle attaches to the mylohyoid line on the mandible to the body of the hyoid bone.

37
Q

Which muscle forms a sling beneath the tongue muscles?

A

The mylohyoid bone

38
Q

The geniohyoid is (superior/inferior) to the mylohyoid muscle.

39
Q

Describe the attachment sites for the geniohyoid muscle.

A

the geniohyoid muscle runs from the inferior mental spines to the hyoid bone

40
Q

What structure in the oral cavity can be described as a “complex of muscles that form a highly mobile mass”.

41
Q

List the 4 subdivisions of the tongue.

A
  1. Apex
  2. Body
  3. Root
  4. Dorsum
42
Q

Where on the tongue can you find the lingual frenulum?

A

the lingual frenulum runs down the midline of the inferior surface of the tongue.

43
Q

What fold of mucosa runs down the midline of the inferior surface of the tongue?

A

Lingual frenulum

44
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. superior longitudinal fibers
  2. inferior longitudinal fibers
  3. transverse fibers
  4. vertical fibers
45
Q

Why are some of the muscles of the tongue described as intrinsic?

A

They are wholly contained within the tongue.

46
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

47
Q

Why are the genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus muscles considered extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

They attach to the tongue, but do not originate in the tongue.

48
Q

What is the function of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

They adjust the position of the tongue relative to the skeleton of the oral cavity.

49
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscle?

A

The cranial roof of CN XI (via the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve)

50
Q

All of the muscles in the oral cavity are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve, EXCEPT the ___________ muscle.

A

palatoglossus

51
Q

The genioglossus, hyoglossus and styloglossus muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

A

hypoglossal nerve CN XII

52
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the tongue? This artery is a branch of the _________ _________ artery.

A

lingual artery; external carotid artery

53
Q

Which artery that supplies the tongue terminates to the apex?

A

Deep lingual artery

54
Q

Which arteries ascend to supply the tongue with blood?

A

small dorsal lingual arteries

55
Q

Which artery that supplies the tongue branches deep to the sublingual gland?

A

sublingual artery

56
Q

Name the four arteries that bring blood supply to the tongue.

A
  1. lingual artery
  2. sublingual artery
  3. small dorsal lingual arteries
  4. deep lingual artery
57
Q

What structure separates the tongue into its anterior and posterior portions?

A

the sulcus terminalis

58
Q

This surface feature of the tongue is a remnant of the embryological thyroglossal duct and lies at the point of the sulcus terminalis.

A

foramen cecume

59
Q

These structures are responsible for the textured appearance of the surface of the tongue and are often confused as taste buds.

60
Q

Which nerves descend to approach the lateral aspect of the tongue?

A

the lingual nerve with its acquired chorda tympani fibers

61
Q

Which nerve approaches the tongue between the fauces?

A

glosspharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

62
Q

Which nerve is found deepest in the oral cavity pressed against the lateral aspect of the tongue?

A

hypoglossal nerve

63
Q

Which spinal cord level contributes fibers to the hypoglossal nerve?

A

spinal cord level C1

64
Q

In the oral cavity, how do C1 fibers leave the hypoglossal nerve?

A

The C1 fibers leave as the nerve to geniohyoid

65
Q

Which salivary glands are found in between the tongue and the mandible?

A

submandibular and sublingual glands

66
Q

How is secretomotor innervation of the salivary glands provided?

A

Parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion

67
Q

Which nerve of the oral cavity courses from lateral to medial in relation to the submandibular duct?

A

lingual nerve

68
Q

List the 7 entrances and exits of the pterygopalatine fossa.

A
  1. Foramen rotundum
  2. pterygoid canal
  3. Sphenopalatine foramen
  4. Inferior orbital fissure
  5. Infratemporal fossa
  6. Greater palatine canal
  7. Palatovaginal canal
69
Q

Nerve fibers found in the pterygopalatine ganglion can be separated into two general groups. What are these groups?

A
  1. Nerves that exit the pterygopalatine ganglion

2. Nerves that originate from the maxillary nerve

GI Anatomy (6 decks)

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