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MD3002 Anatomy > Oral Cavity and Pharynx > Flashcards

Oral Cavity and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organs in the digestive system

A
  • Oral cavity: teeth, tongue, salivary organs
  • Pharynx
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intesstine
  • LArge intestine
  • Rectum and anal canal
  • Gall bladder
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
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2
Q

Name all the different components of the small intestine

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
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3
Q

Name all the components of the Large intestine

A
  • Caecum
  • Appendix
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
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4
Q

What is the palatoglossal arch?

A

One of a pair of ridges or folds of mucous membrane passing from the soft palate to the side of the tongue; it encloses the palatoglossus muscle and forms the anterior margin of the tonsillar fossa. Also demarcates the oral cavity from the isthmus of fauces

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5
Q

What is thought to enhance the sucking capability of an infant?

A

Buccal fat pad

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6
Q

What are epstein’s pearls?

A

Clusters of white spots in the midline junction of hard and soft palates

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7
Q

What are th tonsils contained within waldeyer’s ring?

A
  • Pharyngeal
  • Tubal
  • Palatine
  • Lingual
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8
Q

What are the function of the salivary glands?

A
  • Lubrication and binding of masticated food
  • Solubilization of dry food
  • Digestion of carbohydrqates (alph-amylase)
  • oral hygiene
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9
Q

What is the cheek (buccae) made up by?

A
  • Skin
  • Buccinator muscle
  • Buccopharyngeal fascia
  • Buccal glands
  • Buccal (Bichat’s) fat pad
  • Mucous membrane
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10
Q

What does the buccinator attach to?

A
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Pterygomandibular raphe (where it fuses with the superior pharyngeal constrictor)
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11
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system which prepare food for cellular utilization?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Mastication
  3. Deglutition (swalowing)
  4. Propulaion (peristalisis, segmentation)
  5. Mechanical digestion
  6. Chemical digestion
  7. Absorption
  8. Defecation
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12
Q

Where does the oral vestibule lie?

A

Between the lips and the cheeks externally and the gums and teeth internally

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13
Q

What are the cheeks (buccae) made up of?

A
  • Skin
  • Buccinator muscle
  • Buccopharyngeal fossa
  • Buccal glands
  • Buccal (Bichat’s) fat pat
  • Mucous membrane
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14
Q

What muscle makes up the bulk of the cheek?

A

Buccinator muscle

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15
Q

What does the buccinator muscle attach to?

A
  • Maxilla
  • Mandible
  • Pterygomandibular raphe (where it fuses with the superior pharyngeal constrictor)
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16
Q

Crossing over of the middle buccinator muscles helps us do what?

A

Purse our lips

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17
Q

Where can the point of cross-over be felt?

A

Just lateral to the angle of the mouth

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18
Q

What muscle does the buccinator muscle contribute to at the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

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19
Q

What are the 2 arches which extend from the uvula to the lateral walls?

A

Anteriorly: Palatoglossal arch
Posteriorly: Palatopharyngeal arch

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20
Q

What is formed between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches?

A

Tonsillar fossa

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21
Q

What does the tonsillar fossa house?

A

Palatine tonsils

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22
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A
  • Palatoglossus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Levator veli palatini
  • Tensor veli palatini
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23
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
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24
Q

What is the only muscle of mastication that opens the mouth?

A

Lateral pterygoid by protracting the mandible

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25
Q

What muscle forms a support for the tongue?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

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26
Q

How can an infection from the mouth reach the neck?

A

Through the fascial plane

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27
Q

What gives the tongue a ‘furry’ appearance?

A

Papillae which grip food and house taste buds

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28
Q

What is the tongue

A

A ‘bag’ of striated muscles, covered with mucous membrane

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29
Q

What are the 4 types of papillae?

A
  • Vallate (circumvallate) papillae
  • Folate papillae
  • Fungiform papillae
  • Filiform papillae
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30
Q

What papillae is not involved in taste and what does it function as?

A

Filiform papillae and makes the surface rough

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31
Q

How can the muscles of the tongue be divided?

A

Into extrinsic and intrinsic

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32
Q

How do extrinsic muscles affect the tongue?

A

Alter the position (move) the tongue

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33
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue innervated by?

A

Hypoglossal nerve except palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus, CN-X)

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34
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue innervated by?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (CN-XII)

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35
Q

How do the intrinsic muscles affect the tongue?

A

THey alter the shape of the tongue

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36
Q

What muscles draw the tongue upwards and backwards?

A

The palatoglossus and styloglossus

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37
Q

What muscle of the tongue draw the sides downwards

A

Hyoglossus

38
Q

What extrinsic muscle when paralysed can block the airway?

A

Genio-glossus

39
Q

What is the boundry called that seperates the body of the tongue (ant 2/3) from the root (post 1/3) of the tongue?`

A

Sulcus terminalis

40
Q

What is a tonsil

A

An aggregate of lymphoid cells in the mucosa of the pharynx

41
Q

What are crypts?

A

Pockets or folds that occur naturally in the tonsils food and muccous can become trapped and become stones in them

42
Q

What may be a problem during surgically removing the palatine tonsils?

A

Palatine tonsils are highly vascular and bleeding from the tonsillar branches of the palatine artery may occur

43
Q

What is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

Tonsils which form a lymphatic ring around the openings of the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tracts

  • Pharyngeal
  • Tubal X2
  • Palatine X2
  • Lingual
44
Q

Where is the lingual tonsil located?

A

The root of the tongue

45
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A
  • Lubrication and binding of masticated food
  • Solubilization of dry food
  • Digestion of carbohydrates (alph-amylase)
  • Oral hygiene
46
Q

What are the main components of saliva?

A

Water, mucus, electrolytes and enzymes

47
Q

What is the innervation of the salivary glands?

A

Parasympathetic secretomotor fibres from the:

  • Fascial (CN-VII) and
  • Glossopharyngeal (CN-IX) nerves
48
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on saliva?

A

Viscous saliva

49
Q

What are the salivary glands?

A
  • 2 parotid glands
  • Sublingual gland
  • Submandibular
50
Q

What is the largest of the salivary glands?

51
Q

What salivary gland is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve?

52
Q

Why do surgeons often not operate on the parotid gland?

A

It is the site of the terminal branching of the external carotid artery and fascial nerve

53
Q

What duct is opposite the second maxillary molar tooth?

A

Stensen’s duct

54
Q

What are Koplik’s spots?

A

Sign of measles, white spots within the oral cavity

55
Q

What duct is the most common site for sialothiasis (salivary stones)?

A

Submandibular (most saliva comes from here)

56
Q

What are the 4 regions teeth can be found?

A
  • Left/right

- Maxillary/mandibular

57
Q

What do each region of teeth have?

A
  • 2x incisors
  • 1x canine
  • 2x premolars
  • 3x molars
58
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A musculofibrous tube which is open anteriorly, organises breathing and swallowing

59
Q

Where does the pharynx lie?

A
  • Base of skull to lower border of cricoid cartilage (upper margin of C6 vertebra)
60
Q

What the three regions of the pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
61
Q

What muscles run between torus tubarius and pharynx and palatate?

A

The salpingopharyngeus and salpingopalatine muscles which then fold the salpingopharyngeal and salpingopalatine folds

62
Q

What is the tobus tubarius?

A

Pharyngotympanic tube cartilage (inverted u shaped)

63
Q

What is the piriform fossa?

A
  • Recess that lies between the pharyngeal wall and quadrangular membrane
  • Things can get stuck here
64
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A 
- Constrictor/circular muscles 
Superior pharyngeal 
Middle pharyngeal 
Inferior pharyngeal 
- Longitudinal/elevator muscles 
Stylopharyngeus 
Platopharyngeus 
Salpingopharyngeus
65
Q

What is the sinus of morgangni?

A

The space between the base of the skull and the upper free border of superior constrictor

66
Q

Where does the superior pharyngeal constrictor travel?

A

Attaches to the pterygoid hamulus and pterygomandibular raphe with the buccinator

67
Q

Where does the middle pharyngeak constrictor travel?

A

Attaches to hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament

68
Q

Where does the inferior pharyngeal constrictor travel from?

A

Attaches to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage, the cricoid cartilage

69
Q

Where do the constrictor muscles insert?

A

The pharyngeal raphe which attaches to pharyngeal tubercle

70
Q

What is the gap between the occipital bone and superior constrictor closed by?

A

Pharyngobasilar fascia

71
Q

What is Killian/s dehiscence?

A

The inferior-most region of the inferior constrictor muscle, where the superior pharyngeal constrictor ends
Relitavly weak area mucosa can permeate through (called pharyngoesophageal/Zenker’s diverticulum)

72
Q

What is passavant’s ridge or the palatopharyngeal sphincter?

A
  • Mucosal ridge caused by superior pharyngeal constrictor or the palatopharyngeus
  • Encircles the posterior and lateral walls of nasopharynx
  • During swallowing it touches to the soft palate and seperates oro and nasopharynx
73
Q

What is the palatopharyngeus?

A
  • Elevates the pharynx and larynx
  • Draws the soft palate downwards
  • Brings the palatopharyngeal arch backwards
    separates the oral cavity from the pharynx
74
Q

What is the stylopharyngeus?

A
  • Elevator
  • Extends from the styloid process to pass between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors and fan into the internal pharyngeal surface
75
Q

What is the salpingopharyngeus?

A
  • Elevator

- Descends into the pharynx fom torus tubarius (opens auditory tube during swallowing)

76
Q

What is the oropharyngeal triangle penetrated by?

A
  • Stylopharyngeus muscle
  • Glossopharyngeus nerve
  • Stylohyoid ligament
77
Q

What do the elevators do?

A
  • Pull pharynx superiorly and receive bolus
78
Q

What do the pharyngeal constrictors do?

A
  • Compress lumen of the pharynx and push bolus towards the oesophagus
    They contract involuntarily from superior to inferior
79
Q

What is the cricopharyngeal sphincter?

A
  • Lower circular part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor around the upper oesophagus
  • Prevents air being drawn into the stomach during inhalation
80
Q

What is the blood supply of the pharynx?

A
  • Upper pharynx - branches of the external carotid artery

- Lower pharynx - branches of the inferior thyroid artery of the thyrocervical trunk of subclavian artery

81
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pharynx?

A
  • Drained by the ptertgoid plexus

- Converges on the fascial and internal jugular veins

82
Q

What is the lymph drainage of the pharynx?

A

Retropharyngeal paratracheal and infrahyoid nodes which then lead to deep cervical nodes

83
Q

What do the palatine tonsils drian to?

A

Jugulodigastic node (palapable when inflammed)

84
Q

What muscle is supplies by the glossopharyngeal (CN-IX) nerve?

A

Stylopharyngeus

85
Q

What are all the pharyngeal elevators supplied by except (stylopharyngeus)?

A

Vagus (CN-X)

86
Q

What is the pharyngeal plexus?

A
  • Plexus which contains branches of CN-IX, CN-X and cervical sympathetics
  • Lies on the external pharyngeal wall
87
Q

Parasympathetic secretomotor signals are transmitted via what nerves?

A

Vagus (CN-X) and fascial (CN-VII)

88
Q

What is the sensory nerve to the nasopharynx?

A
  • Maxillary (CN-V2) division of trigeminal
89
Q

What does the glossopharyngeus (CN-IX) supply?

A
  • Oropharynx
  • Palatine tonsils
  • Inferior surface of soft palate
  • Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
    Pain may be referred to the middle ear
90
Q

What nerve gives the sensory supply to the laryngopharynx, vallecula and epiglottis?

A

Vagus (CN-X)

91
Q

CHEWING AND SWALLOWING

A

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MD3002 Anatomy (14 decks)

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