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MD3002 Anatomy > Abdominal Wall 2: Posterior wall, neurovascular supply, femoral hernias > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall 2: Posterior wall, neurovascular supply, femoral hernias Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What are contained in the paravertebral gutters?

A

Muscles and kidneys

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2
Q

What are the posterior abdominal muscles?

A
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Psoas major
  • Psoas minor
  • Diaphragm
  • Iliacus
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3
Q

Where does the quadratus lumborum originate?

A
  • Inferior border of 12th rib

- Transverse processes of L1-4 vertebrae

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4
Q

Where does the quadratus lumborum insert?

A
  • Iliolumbar ligament

- Iliac crest

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5
Q

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Pulls down the 12th rib, help descent of the diaphragm during inspiration

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum?

A

T12-L4

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7
Q

What does the quadratus lumborum’s fascia constitute?

A

The lateral arcuate ligament

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8
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A
  • Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

- Bodies of T12 - L4 and IV disks

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9
Q

Where is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter

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10
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A
  • Flexion of the thigh (with iliacus)
  • Flexion of the trunk (with iliacus)
  • Lateral flexion of the vertebral column
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11
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the psoas major?

A

L1-3

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12
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

Bodies of T12 - L1

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas minor?

A

Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminenece

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14
Q

What is the nerve innervation of the psoas minor?

A

L1

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15
Q

What percentage of people roughly have a psoas minor?

A

40%

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16
Q

What muscle constitutes the medial arcuate ligament?

A

The psoas major’s fascia

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17
Q

WHat is the origin of the iliacus?

A
  • Iliac fossa
  • Iliac crest
  • Anterior sacroiliac ligament
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18
Q

What is the insertion of the iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter

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19
Q

What is the action of the iliacus?

A

Flexion of the thigh (with psoas major)

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the iliacus?

A

Femoral (L2-4)

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21
Q

What divides the muscular and vascular compartments?

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A

The femoral sheath

22
Q

What is the femoral sheath continous with?

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A

Transversalis and iliac fascias

23
Q

What is the femoral canal bounded by?

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A
  • Inguinal ligament (ant)
  • Lacunar ligament (med)
  • Pectineus or pectineal ligament (post)
  • Femoral vein (lat)
  • Closed by extraperitoneal tissue
24
Q

What is the femoral ring an opening of?

Study These Flashcards
A

Femoral canal

25
Where does the femoral ring lie in relation to the vascular compartment?
The femoral ring lies medially to the vascular compartment
26
How much more likely are woman than men to get a femoral hernia?
20x more common in females
27
What does the femoral hernia protrude through?
The femoral ring which is a weak area and often associated with abnormal protrusion of abdominal organs into the femoral canal
28
What is more prone to strangulation a femoral or inguinal hernia?
Femoral hernia
29
What can be a useful landmark to differntiate an inguinal from a femoral hernia?
The pubic tubercle - Infero-lateral = femoral usually - Infero-medial = inguinal usually
30
What spinal nerves supply the abdominal wall?
T7-L1 spinal nerves
31
What nerves does the L1 spinal nerve contribute towards?
- Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal especially the inferior arching fibres IMPORTANT
32
What do the intercostal nerves travel between in the abdomen?
- Internal oblique | - Transversus abdominus
33
What spinal nerve does the umbilicus receive referred pain from?
- T10 | - appendix, gonad, small intestine
34
What spinal nerve does the epigastrum receive referred pain from?
T6-7 | - Stomach and oesophagus
35
What spinal nerve does the pubic region receive referred pain from?
T12 | - Lower colon, bladder, uterus
36
What is herpes zoster/shingles?
- Varicella zoster virus may remain inactive in nerve cells - Reactivation of varicella zoster virus causes disease - The rash (blisters) can form a band along the course of a nerve (dermatome) - Only appears on one side of the body - Skin remains painful until after the rash is gone
37
What muscle does the lumbar plexus form in?
The psoas major, branches of which is visible on the posterior abdominal pelvic walls
38
What do the lumbar plexus nerves supply?
Abdominal muscles and extensor and adductor compartments of the thigh
39
What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus?
- Iliohypogastric (L1) - Ilioinguinal (L1) - Genitofemoral (L1,2) - Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2,3) (lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh) - Obturator (L2,3,4) - Femoral (L2,3,4) - To lumbosacral trunk -> sacral plexus
40
What is the arterial supply of the abdominal wall?
1. Intercostal arteries 2. Lumbar arteries Branches of abdominal aorta 3. Superior epigastric arteries Branch of the internal thoracic artery Descends behind the rectus abdominis, in rectus sheath 4. Inferior epigastric arteries 5. Superficial epigastric arteries 6. Superficial circumflex iliac arteries 7. Deep circumflex iliac arteries
41
Where do the veins drain to in the abdominal wall?
- The femoral and external iliac veins inferiorly | - The internal thoracic and axillary veins superiorly
42
What structure do the veins of the abdomen radiate out from?
The umbilicus
43
What vein can the superficial epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac drain into rather than the femoral?
The great saphenous vein
44
What veins connect the system through the umbilicus to the portal veins of the liver?
The para-umbilical veins
45
Where does lymph drain when above the umbilicus?
Anterior axillary nodes
46
Where does lymph drain when below umbilicus?
Superficial inguinal nodes
47
Where does lymph drain when above the iliac crests?
Posterior axillary nodes
48
Where does lymph drain when below the iliac crests?
Superficial inguinal nodes
49
Describe generally the lymph drainage of the deeper abdominal wall
- Drained by vessels alongside the epigastric vessels - Superiorly to the parasternal nodes -> mediastinal nodes - Inferiorly to the external iliac -> the para-aortic nodes
50
How can a tuberculosis or salmonella infection appear as a mass?
Called psoas abscess - Infection can pass to psoas muscle sheath, and spreads within the muscle and sheath, and may appear below the inguinal ligament as a mass
51
What is meralgia paresthetica?
- Condition characterized by tingling, numbness and burning pain in your outer thigh - Caused by compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

MD3002 Anatomy (14 decks)

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