ORAL CAVITY Flashcards by Pauline Cabatuando

Enumerate the parts of the oral cavity

Lips
Palate
Pharynx 
Floor of the mouth
Cheek

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Found on the ANTERIOR part of the oral cavity

Lips

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Found on the SUPERIOR part of the oral cavity

Palate

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POSTERIOR portion of the oral cavity

Pharynx

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INFERIOR portion of the oral cavity

Floor of the mouth

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LATERAL portion of the oral cavity

Cheek

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Enumerate the blood supply of the mouth

Facial artery
Inferior alveolar artery 
Maxillary artery
Infraorbital artery
Postero superior alveolar arteries

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Enumerate the LYMPHATIC SUPPLY of the mouth

Deep cervical nodes
Submental nodes
Submandibular nodes

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Extends from the LIPS to the OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

Oral cavity (mouth)

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Junction of the mouth and pharynx

Oropharyngeal isthmus

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Bounded by the soft palate, palatoglossal folds, and the dorsum of the tongue

Oropharyngeal isthmus

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The oropharyngeal isthmus is bounded ABOVE by the?

Soft palate

Palatoglossal folds

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The oropharyngeal isthmus is bounded BELOW by the?

Dorsum of the tongue

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Subdivisions of the oral cavity

Oral Vestibule

Oral cavity proper

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SLIT LIKE space between the cheeks and the gums

Vestibule

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This communicates with the exterior through the oral fissure

Vestibule

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Superiorly and inferiorly, the vestibule is LIMITED by what?

By the REFLECTION of the mucus membrane from the lips and cheeks onto the gums

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Where does the jaw communicates when it is closed?

With the ORAL CAVITY PROPER behind the 3rd MOLAR tooth on each side

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The vestibule is bounded ANTERIORLY by the?

Lips

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The vestibule is bounded LATERALLY by the?

Cheeks

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The vestibule is bounded SUPERIORLY by the?

Mucolabial

Mucobuccal folds

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The vestibule is bounded POSTERIORLY and MEDIALLY by the?

Teeth and gums

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Marks the opening of the duct of the parotid gland

Small papilla on the mucosa opposite the upper 2nd molar

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Duct of the parotid gland that connects it to the mouth

Stensen’s papilla on the Buccal vestibule

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Cavity within the ALVEOLAR MARGINS of the maxilla and mandible

Oral cavity proper

The ROOF of the oral cavity is formed ANTERIORLY by?

Hard palate

The ROOF of the oral cavity is formed POSTERIORLY by?

Soft palate

The FLOOR of the oral cavity is formed by?

Mylohyoid muscle

Where does the anterior 2/3 of the tongue lie

Floor

It is covered with MUCUS MEMBRANE

Floor of the mouth

A mucosal fold, found in the midline that connects the TONGUE to the FLOOR of the mouth

Frenulum

What is found on eacg side of the frenulum

A small papilla that has the opening duct of the SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

Submandibular gland

Wharton’s duct

This is produced by the Sublingual gland

Round ridge extending backward and laterally from the papilla

SUBLINGUAL GLAND

Bartholins | Rivinus

Composed of SKELETAL MUSCLES and moves VOLUNTARILY

Tongue

Mass of STRIATED MUSCLES covered with mucus membrane

Tongue

Divides the tongue into right and left halves

Median septum

Three parts of the tongue

Oral Pharyngeal Root

This comprises the ANTERIOR 2/3 the tongue

Oral

This comprises the POSTERIOR 1/3 the tongue

Pharyngeal

This comprises the ROOT the tongue

Base

Two tongue surfaces

Dorsal | Ventral

Divided into ANTERIOR 2/3 and POSTERIOR 1/3 by the sulcus terminalis

Dorsal surface

V shaped sulcus that divides the tongue into ANTERIOR 2/3 and POSTERIOR 1/3

Sulcus terminalis

This faces backwards and is marked by a the foramen cecum

Apex of the sulcus terminalis

A pit that marks the apex of the sulcus

Foramen cecum

An embryological REMNANT, marks a te SITE of the upper end of the THYROGLOSSAL DUCT

Foramen cecum

This portion of the tongue contains a ROUGH MUCOSA and shows 3 types of papilla

Anterior 2/3

3 types of papilla visible on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Filliform Fungiform Vallate

This portion of the tongue has NO PAPILLAE but shows NODULAR SURFACE because of underlying lymphatic nodules

Posterior 1/3

Underlying lymphatic nodules on the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

Lingual tonsils

Surface of the tooth that is SMOOTH and has NO PAPILLAE

Ventral surface

This is where you ye frenulum is found

Ventral surface, midline anteriorly

This is found LATERAL to the frenulum and can be seen through the mucosa

deep lingual vein

A fold of mucosa Found LATERAL to the LINGUAL VEIN

Plica fimbriata

Two types of tongue muscles

Extrinsic | Intrinsic

Muscles confined to the tongue (inside only)

Intrinsic muscle

Has no bony attachment

Intrinsic

The intrinsic muscles of the tongue is consists of

Longitudinal fibers Transverse fibers Vertical fibers

Fiber of the intrinsic muscle of the tongue that is for SHORTENING

Longitudinal

Fiber of the intrinsic muscle of the tongue that is for SHRINKING

Transverse fibers

Fiber of the intrinsic muscle of the tongue that is for FLATTENING

Vertical fibers

Function of the INTRINSIC MUSCLE

Alter the SHAPE of the tongue

Connects the tongue to the SURROUNDING STRUCTURES

Extrinsic muscle

Where are extrinsic muscles connected

Soft palate | Bones (mandible, hyoid, styloid?

The entrinsc muscles of the tongue includes

Palatoglossus Geniglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus

Extrinsic muscle that connects the PALATE to the TONGUE

Palatoglossus

Extrinsic muscle that connects the GENIAL TUBERCLE to the TONGUE

Genioglossus

Extrinsic muscle that connects the HYOID BONE to the TONGUE

Hyoglossus

Extrinsic muscle that connects the STYLOID PROCESS to the TONGUE

Styloglossus

Function of EXTRINSIC MUSCLES of the tongue

Help in movement of the tongue

Genioglossus on BOTH sides acting TOGETHER

Protrusion

Styloglossus and Hyoglossus on BOTH sides acting TOGETHER

Retraction

Hyoglossus and Genioglossus on BOTH sides acting TOGETHER

Depression

Styloglossus and Palatoglossus on BOTH sides acting TOGETHER

Elevation

Sensory nerve supply of tye anterior 2/3 of the tongue, general sensations

Lingual nerve

Sensory nerve supply of tye anterior 2/3 of the tongue, special sensations

Chorda tympani

Sensory nerve supply of tye POSTERIOR 1/3 of the tongue, general and special sensations

Glosopharyngeal nerve

Sensory nerve supply of tye BASE of the tongue, general and special sensations

Internal laryngeal nerve

General sensory

Lingual nerve

CN V

Special sensory

Chorda tympani

CN VII

Internal laryngeal nerve

CN X

General and special sense

Glosopharyngeal

CN IX

Motor nerve supply of the INTRINSIC MUSCLE

Hypoglossal nerve

Motor nerve supply of the EXTRINSIC MUSCLE

All supplied by HYPOGLOSSAL EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS

Only extrinsic muscle that is NOT supplied by the hypoglossal nerve but the PHARYNGEAL PLEXUS

Palatoglossus

Arterial blood supply

Lingual artery Tonsillar brance of facial artery Ascending pharyngeal artery

Venous (veins) blood supply

Lingual vein

This ultimately drains to the internal jugular vein

Lingual vein

Lympahatic drainage in the TIP of the tongue

SUBMENTAL nodes, bilaterally and then DEEP CERVICAL nodes

Anterior 2/3 lymphatic drainage

SUBMANDIBULAR unilaterally and then deep cervical nodes

Posterior 1/3 lymphatic drainage

Deep cervical nodes (jugulodigastric)

Most important ARTICULATOR for speech production

Tongue

Provide mechanism for taste

Tongue

Located on different areas of the tongue but generally found around the edges

Taste buds

4 main taste

Bitter Sour Salty Sweet

The tongue is needed for?

``` Sucking Chewing Swallowing Eating Drinking Kissing Sweeping the mouth Making funny faces ```

Clinical notes of the tongue

Lacerations of the tongue Tongue tie Lesion of the HG nerve

Due to large frenulum

Ankyloglossia

Treatment for tongue tie or ankyloglossia

Frenectomy

This condition causes the tongue to be atrophied and wrinkled

Lesion on HG nerve

Median conical projection marked by median raphe

Uvula

Free margins of the SOFT PALATE amd splitting into 2 parts as they approach the lateral wall

Palatin arches

Also known as anterior pillar of fauces or anterior palatine arch

Palatoglossal arch

Ecloses the palatoglossus muscle

Palatoglossal arch

Also known as posterior pillar of fauces or posterior palatine arch

Palatopharyngeal arch

Enclose the palatopharyngeus muscle

Palatopharyngeal arch

Lies on the ROOF of the oral cavity

Palate

Two parts of the palate

Hard | Soft

Bony palate anteriorly

Hard

Muscular palate posteriorly

Soft palate

Lies on the ROOF of the oral cavity and forms the FLOOR of the nasal cavity

Hard palate

The hard palate is formed by?

Palatine process of maxillae in front | Horizontal plates of palatin behind

This is bounded by ALVEOLAR ARCHES

Hard palate

Posteriorly continues with the soft palate

Hard palate

The under surface of the hard palate is covered by what?

Mucoperiosteum

Contains TRANSVERSE RIDGES in the anterior part specifically the PALATINE RUGAE

Hard palate

Attached to the posterior border of the hard palate

Soft palate

The upper and lower surface of the Soft palate is covered by?

Mucus membrane

Composition of Soft palate

``` Muscle fibers Aponeurosis Lymphoid tissue Glands Blood vessels Nerves ```

Tenses the soft palate

Tensor veli palatini

Origin of the tensor veli palatini

Spine of sphenoid | Auditory tube

Insertion of tensor veli palatini

Forms palatine aponeurosis

Elevates or raises the soft palate

Levator veli palatini

Origin of levator veli palatini

Petrous temporal bone Auditory tube Palatine aponeurosis

Insertion of levator veli palatini

Palatine aponeurosis

Origin of tye musculus uvulae

Posterior border of the hard palate

Insertion of musculus uvulae

Mucosa of uvula

Elevates the uvula

Musculus uvulae

Pulls the root of the tongue UPWARD, narrowing the Oropharyngeal isthmus

Palatoglossus

Origin of palatoglossus

Palatine aponeurosis

Insertion of palatoglossus

Side of the tongue

Elevates the wall of the pharynx

Palatopharyngeus

Origin of palatopharyngeus

Palatine aponeurosis

Insertion of palatopharyngeus

Posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

Sensory nerve supply of the tongue

Maxillary nerve V2

Branches of maxillary nerve

Greater palatine nerve Lesser Nasopalatine

Nerve that supplies the region of the soft palate

Glosopharyngeal

Motor nerve supply of tongue

Pharyngeal plexus

Only muscle that is NOT supplied by the pharyngeal plexus

Tensor veli palatini

Nerve supply of tensor veli palatini

Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve

Blood supply of the tongue

Branches of maxillary artery Ascending palatine, branch of facial artery Ascending pharyngeal, branch of external carotid artery

Branches of | Maxillary artery

Greater palatine Lesser Sphenopalatine

Conditions of the palate

Cleft palate | Paralysis of soft palate

Types of cleft palate

Unilateral Bilateral Median

The pharyngeal isthmus cannot be closed during swallowing

Paralysis of the soft palate