Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hannah MS2 GI > oral cavity > Flashcards

oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

genetic changes associated with “classic” head/neck SCC, and “HPV” head/neck SCC

A

classic:
P53 mutation

HPV:
p16 overexpression
E6 inactivation (p53)
E7 inactivation (RB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

oral manifestation of measles

A

-spotty oral ulcers preceding skin rash
-buccal ulcers about stensen duct (parotid duct)
(buccal ulcer = KOPLIK SPOTS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

____ is sticky colorless biofilm that collects between/on teeth made of bacteria, proteins, desquamated epithelial cells, and if untreated leads to ______, tartar

A

plaque —> calculus (mineralized plaque)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 types of oral candidiasis

A
  1. psuedomembranous (thrush) *most common
  2. erythematous
  3. hyperplastic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

children (2-4 yo) with HSV1/2 are usually asymptomatic, but if this disease presents with sx they are:
rapid onset of oral mucosa ulcerations and adenopathy with fever, anorexia, and irritability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

inflammation of the oral mucosa (gums) around the teeth due to development of DENTAL PLAQUES and CALCULUS (and is reversible)

A

gingivitis

sx: red gums, edema, bleeding, mucosa contour changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

oral manifestation erythema multiform

A

-maculopapular, vesiculobullous, eruption

due to underlying infection, drug, cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

inflammation affecting periodontal Ligaments (teeth support structures), alveolar bone, and cementum

A

periodontitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

oral manifestation diphtheria

A

dirty, white, fibrinosupprative, tough, inflammatory membrane over tonsils and retopharynx (throat)

{WHITE INFLAMMATORY MEMBRANE ON THROAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)

including X-ray and histological characteristics

A
  • aka keratocystic odontogenic tumor
  • cysts derived from remnants of odontogenic epithelium within the jaw
  • aggressive tumor
  • x-ray: well defined locular radioluciences
  • histo: thin layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with prominent basal cell layer and corrugated epithelial surface
  • tx: removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

very PAINFUL superficial oral mucosa ulcerations (recurrent and common) characterized by one or more hyperemic ulcers covered by thin exudate with red rim

A

apthous ulcers (canker sores)

  • most common from 1-20 yo
  • most resolve in 1 week unless immunocompromised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

define recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis

A

most adults harbor HSV 1 and get this dz.

  • occurs at site of inoculation or in adjacent mucosa associated with same ganglion with dormant virus
  • group of small vesicle lesions on lips (herpes labialis), nasal, cheek mucosa, and hard palate
  • subside in 1 week or longer if immunocompromised
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

define pyogenic granuloma

A

[type of fibrous proliferative lesions]

  • not pyogenic or granuloma**
  • aka pregnancy tumor
  • lobular capillary hemangioma that presents with ulcerated red-purple (NOT NODULAR) lesions on gingiva (gums)
  • can progress to become dense fibrous masses or peripheral ossifying fibroma
  • tx: removal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does HSV 1/2 infection lay dormant

A

trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

KEY sx assoc with deep fungal infections of oral cavity (esp mucormycosis)

A

-unilateral facial swelling, nasal/oral black lesions

more but less important sx: HA, fever, nasal congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

benign painless bony outgrowth on the hard palate

A

torus palatinus
(type of oral extoses)
*grow due to genetics and environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

oral manifestation of scarlet fever

A
  • raspberry tongue (red with prominent papillae)
  • strawberry tongue (white with visible herpermic papillae)

(others: rash (impetigo) , sore throat, high fever,)
(cause is group A strep pyrogenes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why is early detection important in head neck SCC

A

because 2nd primary tumor is most common cause of death in this type of SCC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

benign bony growth in the mandible along surface near the tongue (in mouth)

A

torus mandibularis
(type of oral extoses)
*no cartilage
*grow due to genetics and environment

20
Q

focal demineralization of tooth structure (enamel/dentin) by acid metabolites of bacteria produced fermented sugars

A

caries (tooth decay)

21
Q

what are Hutchinson teeth and what pathology are they associated with

A

notched incisor teeth characteristic of congenital symphilis

22
Q

what is the next step if multiple odontogenic keratocysts are seen in a patient

A
  • must evaluate for Gorlin syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)
  • associated with PTCH mutation on chr 9q22
23
Q

“field cancerization: of head/neck SCC is associated with

A

cigarette smoking and repeated carcinogenic exposure

24
Q

what pathogen is responsible for oral candidacies (thrush)

A

candida albicans

25
Q

oral manifestation HIV

A

-increased risk of oppuruntistic infections
(HSV, Candida, Fungi)
-oral lesions of Kapoi Sarcoma
-hairy leukoplakia

26
Q

three types of fibrous proliferative lesions of the oral cavity

A
  1. irritation fibroma
  2. pyogenic granuloma
  3. peripheral ossifying fibroma
    * *tx for all is removal
27
Q

define leukoplakia

A

white plaque that CANNOT be scraped off and CANNOT be tied to other dz
-precancerous lesion of squamous cell carcinoma

(*thrush CAN be scraped off and due to candida)

28
Q

define peripheral ossifying fibroma

A

[type of fibrous prolifertive lesions]

  • reactive lesion derived from pyogenic granuloma or denovo of periodontal L.
  • present as red ulcerated NODULAR lesions of ginvgivia (gums)
  • common in teenage girls
  • tx: remove down to periosteum
29
Q

biggest risk factors for lower lip cancers

A

pipe smoking and actinic radiation (sunlight)

30
Q

COLON QUESTION

volcanic crypt eruptions is histo dx for what colonic pathogen

A

c. diff

pseudomembranes are not specific to only c. diff

31
Q

oral manifestation of mono

A
  • acute pharyngitis/tonsilittis with gray white exudative coat
  • neck LN enlargement
  • palatal petechiae
32
Q

oral manifestation of SLE

A

-small PAINLESS oral/ nasopharyngeal ulcers
(others: butterfly rash, pancytopenia, arthralgia, nephritic syndrome)
[skin rash, joints, kidneys]

33
Q

biggest risk factor of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

A 
alcohol and tobacco use 
(others = 
- chewing betel quid and paan
-actinic radiation (sunlight) 
-pipe smoking)
*last two = lower lip cancers
34
Q

define hairy leukoplakia

A
  • oral lesions = white, confluent, fluffy patches of hyperkeratotitic thickenings
  • oral lesion on LATERAL border of tongue
  • HYPERPLASIA (not dysplasia as seen in NL leukoplakia and erythroplakia )
  • seen in EBV infection of immunocompromised patients (esp HIV)
  • microscopically= hyperkeratinosis, acanthosis, and “BALLOON CELLS” in upper spinous layer
35
Q

normal healthy oral flora contains? unhealthy?

A

NL: facultative gram positive organisms

ABNL oral flora in plaque: anaerobic microaerophilic gram negative organisms

36
Q

define the characteristics of HSV vesicles in recurrent herpetic gingivostomatitis

A
  • have EOSINOPHILIC INTRANUCLEAR VIRAL INCLUSIONS
  • have fusion cells that make MULTINUCLEATE POLKARYONS (giant cells)
  • giant cells cause + Tzanck test
37
Q

common bacterial pathogens that cause periodontitis

A
  • PAP
  • actinobacilius actinomycetemocomitans
  • porphyromanos gingivalis
  • prevotella intermedia
38
Q

factors affecting risk fo oral candidiasis

A

immune status, strain of candida, composition of oral flora

39
Q

describe the appearance of psuedomembranous oral candidiasis

A

gray white inflammatory membrane of organisms in fibrinosupprative exudate with underlying erythematous base

  • *superficial infection unless immunocompromised (cancer pts, organ transplant pts, chemo tx pts)
  • *THE MEMBRANE CAN BE SCRAPED OFF therefore distinguishable from leukoplakia
40
Q

erythroplakia vs leukoplakia

A

more severe dysplasia and higher risk of malignant transformation in erythoplakia vs leukoplakia

*when both are present it is called speckled leukoerythroplakia

41
Q

what organisms are responsible for deep in fungal infections of the oral cavity

A
  1. aspergillosis
  2. cryptococcis
  3. mucormycosis !!
    predisposing RF: immunocompromised
    -are highly vascular invasive
    -sx: unilateral face swelling, nasal/mouth black lesions, HA fever, nasal congestion
42
Q

population assoc with erythroplakia

A

40-70 yo male with hx of tobacco use

risk of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck

43
Q

define irritation fibroma

A

[type of fibrous proliferative lesion]

  • aka trauma fibroma or focal fibrous hyperplasia
  • submucosal nodular mass of fibrous connective tissue that most commonly occurs on the buccal (cheek) mucosa along the bite line
  • tx: removal
44
Q

define erythroplakia

A

red, velvety, possibly eroded areas of oral cavity that are usually level or slightly depressed
-precancerous lesion
(common in 40-70 men with hx of tobacco use)

45
Q

complications, pathogenesis, and Risk factors associated with periodontitis

A

complication : teeth loss

pathogensis: poor oral hygiene + oral flora change

RF: neutrophil defect, Crohns, leukemia, AIDS, Down syndrome, Diabetes, sarcoidosis
(NC LADDS)

*can be component of systemic dz, or cause systemic dz (endocarditis, pulmonary or brain abscesses)

46
Q

pathogen associated with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (esp tonsils, base of tongue, pharynx)

A

HPV-16

OROPHARYNX SCC

47
Q

prognosis of head and neck SCC

A

if HPV + SCC then better long term survival vs “classic” SCC

(classic SCC = alcohol and tobacco assoc; NOT HPV assoc)

Hannah MS2 GI (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions