Oral Cavity

Question 1

What are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 1

ingestion
mastication
secretion
absorption
elimination of wastes
motility
hormone release
chemical digestion

Question 2

What is included in the oral cavity?

Answer 2

teeth
major salivary glands
minor salivary glands
tonsils
lips

Question 3

What is the oral cavity lined with?

Answer 3

oral mucosa

Question 4

What are the three types of oral mucosa?

Answer 4

masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
specialized mucosa

Question 5

where is masticatory mucosa found?

Answer 5

gingiva and hard palate

Question 6

What is the surface epithelium of the masticatory mucosa made of?

Answer 6

keratinized or parakeratinized stratified squamous

Question 7

What is so special about parakeratinized stratified squamous?

Answer 7

they keep their nuclei

Question 8

What is the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa made of?

Answer 8

a papillary layer and reticular layer

Question 9

What is the papillary layer of the lamina propria of masticatory mucosa made of?

Answer 9

thick loose CT that also has blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors and some Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 10

What is the reticular layer of the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa made of?

Answer 10

more dense CT

Question 11

Where is the lining muocsa found in the oral cavity?

Answer 11

soft palate, underside of tongue, floor of mouth, cheeks and lips

Question 12

What is the surface epithelium of the lining mucosa made of?

Answer 12

generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous (AKA stratified squamous)
sometimes parakeratinized stratified squamous
for the lips and vermillion border- keratinized stratified squamous (very thin layer)

Question 13

What is the lamina propria of the lining mucosa of the oral cavity made of?

Answer 13

loose CT with blood vessels and nerves

Question 14

What is the submucosa of the lining mucosa of the oral cavity made of? Where and what is found in there?

Answer 14

more dense CT
found in most places
can have minor salivary glands, sebaceous glands (mouth corners), larger blood vessels and nerves

Question 15

Where is specialized mucosa of the oral cavity found?

Answer 15

dorsal surface of the tongue

Question 16

What is the surface epithelium of the specialized mucosa of the oral cavity?

Answer 16

keratinized stratified squamous on filiform papillae

stratified squamous on all other papillae

Question 17

What is the function of specialized mucosa of the oral cavity?

Answer 17

(filiform) move food

(all other taste buds) taste food

Question 18

Describe the mucosa of the tongue.

Answer 18

thicker dorsally, thinner and smoother posteriorly

Question 19

What is the surface epithelium of the tongue made of?

Answer 19

keratinized stratified squamous on filiform papillae

stratified squamous on all other papillae

Question 20

What are the types of papillae found on the tongue?

Answer 20

filiform, fungiform, foliate, vallate (circumvallate)

Question 21

What glands are associated with vallate papillae?

Answer 21

small salivary (von Ebner) glands

Question 22

what is the function of the small salivary glands of the tongue?

Answer 22

to produce serous fluid to clease the taste buds on these papillae

Question 23

What papillae do NOT have taste buds?

Answer 23

filiform

Question 24

What is the lamina propria of the tongue made of?

Answer 24

loose CT; adipose possible

Question 25

Describe the submucosa of the tongue.

Answer 25

usually considered present on the tongue; adipose possible

Question 26

What does the submucosa of the tongues contain?

Answer 26

lingual salivary glands

Question 27

What to the lingual salivary glands produce?

Answer 27

mucous and serous products

Question 28

What is special about the intrinsic tongue muscle?

Answer 28

there is no external attachment

Question 29

What are the 4 alternating muscles of the internal part of the tongue?

Answer 29

superior longitudinal vertical muscles alternating with transverse inferior longitudinal

Question 30

What is the function of the intrinsic tongue muscle?

Answer 30

change the shape of the tongue

Question 31

What are the 7 layers of the tooth starting from external going internal?

Answer 31

``` stellate reticulum ameloblasts enamel dentin predentin odontoblasts dental papilla ```

Question 32

What makes up the stellate reticulum?

Answer 32

connective tissue

Question 33

When are ameloblasts seen?

Answer 33

immature teeth

Question 34

When do we lose ameloblasts?

Answer 34

after tooth eruption, this is why we only have what we have for enamel

Question 35

What makes up ameloblasts?

Answer 35

polarized columnar cells

Question 36

What is the function of ameloblasts?

Answer 36

to produce enamel

Question 37

What is enamel made of?

Answer 37

70% hydroxyapatite

Question 38

What does dentin contain?

Answer 38

dentinal tubules containing nerves and cell processes of odontoblasts

Question 39

What produces dentin?

Answer 39

odontoblasts

Question 40

What is predentin?

Answer 40

precursor to dentin before mineralization

Question 41

How long does predentin last?

Answer 41

about a day

Question 42

What produces predentin?

Answer 42

odontoblasts

Question 43

What are odontoblasts made of?

Answer 43

columnar cells lining the pulp cavity

Question 44

Do odontoblasts survive in adults?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

What is the function of odontoblasts?

Answer 45

repair and replace and produce dentin | maintain dentin

Question 46

What is the dental papilla made of?

Answer 46

CT with many blood vessels and nerves

Question 47

What is a potential problem of dental papilla?

Answer 47

extensive inflammation that hits dentin and enamel causes lots of pain

Question 48

What is the largest salivary gland?

Answer 48

parotid gland

Question 49

How much of the saliva output does the parotid gland produce?

Answer 49

30%

Question 50

Which salivary gland is most affected by mumps?

Answer 50

parotid gland

Question 51

What happens to the parotid gland as we age?

Answer 51

commonly becomes infiltrated with adipose

Question 52

What does the parotid gland produce?

Answer 52

100% serous fluid

Question 53

What products are produced in the parotid gland?

Answer 53

salivary amylase- breakdown of carbs lysozyme- line of defense IgA- line of defense

Question 54

How much of the salivary output does the submandibular gland produce?

Answer 54

60%

Question 55

What happens to the submandibular gland as we age?

Answer 55

it possibly becomes infiltrated with fat

Question 56

what does the submandibular gland produce?

Answer 56

mucus and serous (80-90%) products

Question 57

What does the submandibular gland have?

Answer 57

serous demilunes

Question 58

Which salivary gland is the smallest?

Answer 58

sublingual gland

Question 59

How much of the salivary output does the sublingual gland produce?

Answer 59

~5%

Question 60

What does the submandibular gland produce?

Answer 60

mucus (80%) and serous producs

Question 61

Where do all serous products come from in the submandibular gland?

Answer 61

demilunes; no separate serous acini