Appendix and Colon

Question 1

What is the appendix?

Answer 1

a blind pouch on the right side of the body, extending from the colon

Question 2

What is the surface epithelium of the appendix? What other cells are found there?

Answer 2

simple columnar

surface absorptive cells, goblets, regenerative cells and DNES cells

Question 3

Does the appendix have a lamina propria?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

Describe the muscularis mucosae of the appendix.

Answer 4

poorly developed

Question 5

What are other important structures found in the appendix?

Answer 5

short crypts
NO villi
infrequent paneth cells

Question 6

Describe the submucosa of the appendix.

Answer 6

thick layer with large blood vessels

have numerous lymph nodules

Question 7

What kind of pattern does the muscularis externa of the appendix have?

Answer 7

normal pattern, but it is very thin

Question 8

Does the appendix have serosa or adventita?

Answer 8

serosa

Question 9

what is the function of the appendix?

Answer 9

humoral immunity

resevoir for good bacteria

Question 10

What is the colon composed of?

Answer 10

cecum, colon, rectum and anus

Question 11

What is another name for the colon?

Answer 11

large intestine

Question 12

What else does the colon consist of?

Answer 12

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid portions

Question 13

What is the general function of the colon?

Answer 13

primarily absorption of water
compaction, lubrication and elimination of feces
production of some vitamins

Question 14

What are some examples of vitamins that are produced in the colon?

Answer 14

riboflavin, thamin, vitamin K and vitamin B12 as bacteria by-products

Question 15

What cells is the surface epithelium of the mucosa of the colon made of?

Answer 15

simple columnar with many goblets and surface absorptive cells, some regenerative cells and a few DNES cells

Question 16

What is another name for surface absorptive cells in the mucosa of the colon?

Answer 16

colonocytes

Question 17

Describe the lamina propria of the mucosa of the colon.

Answer 17

typical and has intestinal glands (crypts)

Question 18

Describe the muscularis mucosae of the colon.

Answer 18

typical

Question 19

What does the mucosa of the colon lack?

Answer 19

villi and paneth cells

Question 20

Describe the submucosa of the colon.

Answer 20

typical

Question 21

What kind of pattern does the muscularis externa of the colon have?

Answer 21

non-normal pattern

outer longitudinal muscle is gathered into bands called teniae coli and is discontinuous

Question 22

What is the constant tonus of teniae coli result in?

Answer 22

sacculations called haustra

Question 23

Which parts of the colon have adventita?

Answer 23

ascending and descending colon

Question 24

Which parts of the colon have serosa?

Answer 24

transverse and sigmoid colon

Question 25

What is the general function of the rectum?

Answer 25

store fecal material

Question 26

What is the surface epithelium of the rectum?

Answer 26

simple columnar

Question 27

What are some notable features of the rectum?

Answer 27

significant luminal wall folds exist called transverse rectal folds no teniae coli in muscularis externa (longitudinal is more complete) luminal wall covering includes adventitia

Question 28

What is similar to the colon and rectum?

Answer 28

straight intestinal glands with goblet cells

Question 29

What is the surface epithlium of the anal canal?

Answer 29

transition from simple columnar to stratified squamous

Question 30

Where do the anal glands extend to?

Answer 30

submucousa

Question 31

What is the function of the anal gland?

Answer 31

lubricate lumen

Question 32

Where are the circumanal glands?

Answer 32

skin surrounding anus

Question 33

What do the mucosa and submucosa of the anus contain?

Answer 33

longitudinal folds to create anal columns

Question 34

What happens to the muscularis mucosa?

Answer 34

it disappears into the anal canal

Question 35

What is the internal anal canal?

Answer 35

a thick circular layer of smooth muscle within the muscularis externa

Question 36

What is the external anal canal?

Answer 36

a striated muscle from the pelvic floor, voluntary muscle

Question 37

What is the lumina wall covering of the rectum?

Answer 37

adventita