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RD I > Oral Cav And Skull > Flashcards

Oral Cav And Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Commissure

A

corner of the mouth

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2
Q

Vermillion zone

A

red part of lip where lip mucosa meets the skin

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3
Q

Nasolabial groove

A

the groove running downward on each side of the nostrils

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4
Q

Vestibule

A

space between the cheeks or lips and teeth

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5
Q

Oral cavity proper

A

space between the teeth and palatine tonsils, bounded by the hard palate superiorly and the floor of the mouth inferiorly

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6
Q

The Skull

A

o 28 individual bones make up the skull
▪ 11 are paired
▪ 6 are single
o Function
▪ To protect the brain is the most important
▪ Protects 5 organs of special sense
• Olfaction, vision, gestation, vestibular function, auditory)

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7
Q

Two major ways to divide the skull

A 
▪ Regionally
• Cranium
• Mandible
▪ Developmentally
• Neurocranium – portion of the skull that protects the brain
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8
Q

Bones of the neurocranium

A

4 single, 2 paired

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9
Q

Sphenoid

A

forms the majority of the middle portion of the cranial base and forms the posterior part of the eye socket.

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10
Q

Frontal

A

forms the majority of the forehead and the roof of the eye socket. Contains the paranasal sinuses

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11
Q

Occipital

A

forms posterior part of cranial vault. Provides articulating surfaces between skull and vertebral column

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12
Q

Ethmoid

A

porous bone that forms the major portion of the middle part of the face between the two orbits. Made up from a cribiform plate, orbital plate, perpendicular plate, middle nasal concha

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13
Q

Temporal

A

forms the base and lateral walls of the skull. Houses the vestibular and auditory apparatus. Location of the mandibular fossa of the TMJ

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14
Q

Parietal

A

forms the roof and sides of the cranial vault

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15
Q

Maxilla

A

made up of a central body and four processes (frontal, zygomatic, alveolar, palatine).

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16
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

one of four sinuses that surround the nasal passages (frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid)

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17
Q

Maxillary sinuses Func

A

to lighten the skull, give resonance to voice, warm the air we breathe, moisten the nasal cavity

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18
Q

Mandible

A

largest and strongest bone of the skull

▪ Made up of a horizontal body and two vertical rami, each of which has a coronoid process and condylar process

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19
Q

Exterior body of the mandible

A
  • Extends from the chin to the ascending ramus
  • Houses the inferior alveolar nerve and artery – a branch of which exits the mental foramen
  • External oblique ridge
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20
Q

Interior Body of Mandible

A
  • Temporal crest – ridge extending downward from a coronoid process to the third molar region
  • Internal oblique line is inferior ¼ of this crest
  • Mylohyoid ridge
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21
Q

Ascending Ramus of the Mandible

A
  • Coronoid process – the temporalis muscle inserts here

* Condylar process – forms the inferior part of the TMJ; the lateral pterygoid muscle inserts here

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22
Q

Vomer

A

plow shaped. Forms posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum

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23
Q

Palatine

A

forms the posterior ¼ of the hard palate when it fuses anteriorly with the palatine process of the maxilla

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24
Q

Zygomatic

A

forms majority of the cheek bone (provides origin of the masseter) (second most commonly broken face bone

25
Q

Nasal

A

forms bridge of nose (most commonly broken face bone)

26
Q

Lacrimal

A

forms a small portion of medial wall of the orbit

27
Q

Inferior nasal concha

A

curved bone that forms part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

28
Q

Temperomandibular Joint

A

It’s the area where the mandibular condyle articulates with the base of the cranium with the temporal bone
o Proper functioning has profound effects on the contacts of teeth

29
Q

Tmj aka

A

ginglymoarthroidal joint

30
Q

ginglymoarthroidal joint bc?

A

o Provides a hinging motion in one plane = ginglymoid joint and,
o Provides for gliding movements = arthroidal joint

31
Q

Anterior view Condyle

A

▪ It has two projections, the medial pole and the lateral pole
▪ The medial pole extends well beyond the neck of the condyle and is more prominent

32
Q

Posterior view Condyle

A

▪ The articular surface of the posterior aspect of the condyle is greater than on the anterior surface

33
Q

Occlusal View Condyle

A

▪ The condyles are NOT parallel to the transverse axis of rotation
▪ They are directed medially and anteriorly from the axis

34
Q

Temporal Bone and tmj

A

o The condyle fits into the mandibular fossa (aka glenoid fossa, or articular fossa)
o Articular eminence – the convex bony prominence anterior to the mandibular fossa

35
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

o STF = squamotympanic fissure
o Posterior roof of the fossa is very thin
o The degree of convexity of the articular eminence is variable from person to person

36
Q

The condyle is separated from the mandibular fossa by

A

the articular disc

37
Q

Tmj is classified as compound bc

A

Classified as a compound joint (requires 3 bones) because the disk acts as a non-ossified bone

38
Q

Articular Disc Sagittal view

A

▪ Composed of dense fibrous CT
▪ Intermediate zone – thinnest and has no blood supply
▪ Moves with the head of the condyle in function
▪ Retrodiscal tissue (bilaminar zone) – region of loose CT that is highly vascularized, innervated, and has elastic fibers that attach the disc to the tympanic plate of bone and to the capsule
▪ Anteriorly the disc is attached to the fibrous capsule superiorly and in between to the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle

39
Q

Intermediate zone Articular Disc

A

thinnest and has no blood supply

40
Q

Retrodiscal tissue (bilaminar zone)

A

region of loose CT that is highly vascularized, innervated, and has elastic fibers that attach the disc to the tympanic plate of bone and to the capsule

41
Q

Articular Disc Anterior View

A

▪ Disc is thicker medially than laterally and can adapt to the functional demands of the articular surfaces
▪ Disc is attached by discal ligaments to the lateral and medial borders of the condyle

42
Q

Functions of the Articular Disc

A

o Partitioning the TMJ into functional compartments
o Stabilizing the condyle
o Helps to lubricate the TMJ – it is smooth and slippery

43
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

Sheet, sac, or tube of tissue that encloses the TMJ like a tube

44
Q

Fibrous capsule Inner layer

A

Secretes synovial fluid

45
Q

Fibrous capsule Outer layer

A

thick fibrous tissue that protects the joint and helps to limit movement

46
Q

Supporting ligaments

A 
Fibrous capsular ligament
 Temperomandibular ligament 
Stylomandibublar ligament
Sphenomandibular ligament
do not actively participate in normal joint function
47
Q

Temperomandibular ligament

A

attaches to the zygomatic arch and lateral and posterior aspect of the condyle
▪ Prevents posterior and lateral displacement

48
Q

Stylomandibublar ligament

A

tenses when the mandible protrudes

49
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament

A

restricts opening of the mandible

50
Q

Muscles of Mastication func

A

▪ Have major control over all movements of the mandible
▪ The MoM are aided by the digastrics muscles, the supra- and infrahyoid muscles, and the muscles of the neck and shoulders

51
Q

Bones that form origins of the MoM

A
  • Temporal bone – forms the mandibular fossa of the TMJ
  • Sphenoid bone – has 2 of the 4 origins of the MoM
  • Zygomatic bone – origin of the masseter
52
Q

Masseter

A
  • Origin: zygomatic bone
  • Insertion: angle of the mandible
  • Function: elevate (close) the mandible
53
Q

Temporalis

A
  • Origin: temporal fossa
  • Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible and anterior border of the ramus
  • Function: anterior fibers elevate the mandible; posterior fibers retrude the mandible
54
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A
  • Origin: medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
  • Insertion: medial angle of the mandible
  • Function: elevate (close) the mandible
55
Q

Lateral Pterygoid (upper head)

A
  • Origin: infratemporal surface of the great wing of the sphenoid bone
  • Insertion: mainly into the articular disc, but also into the condyle
  • Function: pull articular disc forward during opening of the mandible and lateral movements of the mandible
56
Q

Lateral Pterygoid (lower head)

A

• Origin: lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid
• Insertion: neck of the condyle
• Function: symmetrical: (opening, depressing) and protrusion
Asymmetrical: lateral movement of the mandible

57
Q

Lower Compartment tmj

A

▪ Condyle disc responsible for the rotational movements of the mandible
▪ The disc is attached tightly to the condyle medially and laterally

58
Q

Upper compartment tmj

A

▪ Condyle-disc complex functioning against the mandibular fossa and articular eminence
▪ Responsible for translational movements of the mandible

RD I (5 decks)

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