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BAMS Molecules And Cells > Oral Biofilms > Flashcards

Oral Biofilms Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

at what stage in the life cycle of a parasite are biofilms present?

A
  • attachment of parasite (using fimbrae, pilli, capsule)
  • consolidation and multiplication in host (forming micro colonies)
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2
Q

what is a biofilm?

A

matrix-enclosed bacterial (or fungal) populations adherent to each other and or to surfaces or interfaces

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3
Q

benefits of being a biofilm?

A
  • protective environment
  • coordinated cellular events
  • division of labour (certain cells do certain things)
  • ExtraPolymericSubstrate traps nutrients & prevents antibiotics getting to cell
  • less energy used
  • survival in numbers
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4
Q

do microorganisms prefer to be on their own or in a biofilm?

A

biofilm

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5
Q

where are biofilms important?

A
  • teeth (plaque)
  • drinking water (lead to diseases)
  • medical implants
  • food processing
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6
Q

what does planktonic mean?

A

free floating cell

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7
Q

what is the disadvantage of being planktonic bacteria?

A

susceptible to antibiotic as there is only one (no barriers)

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8
Q

what does micro-colony mean?

A

more than one bacteria coming together for protection

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9
Q

what does extra polymeric material do in a micro colony?

A

protects and surrounds bacteria

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10
Q

what would happen to a mature biofilm in a sustained microbial attack?

A

would be most protected and be able to rebuild itself

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11
Q

in terms of dentistry what is the planktonic cell?

A

organism in saliva

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12
Q

where do micro-colonies form in the oral environment?

A

find the enamel and then form on it

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13
Q

what does a micro-colony turn into if you don’t brush your teeth regularly?

A

mature biofilm

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14
Q

what are the 5 steps to biofilm development?

A

adhesion
colonisation
accumulation
complex community
dispersal

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15
Q

what are biofilms resilient to?

A

antimicrobials

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16
Q

how would you get rid of a biofilm in the mouth?

A

have to physically detach it

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17
Q

what are the 3 essential elements to ensure a biofilm can develop?

A

micro-organism
conditioning film (sticky in mouth due to carbs, proteins etc )
surface (enamel, gum, other bacteria)

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18
Q

what is the conditioning factor in the mouth?

A

saliva

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19
Q

what is glycocalyx composed of?

A

exopolymeric substrate

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20
Q

what is an essential component to make something a biofilm?

A

glycocalyx

21
Q

what does glycocalyx do?

A
  • maintains hydrated environment
  • helps maintain tissue-like integrity
  • provides protective barrier (immune factors and antibiotics)
22
Q

what are micro colonies like in glycocalyx?

A

organised allowing active diffusion

23
Q

what does extra polymeric material do for oral biofilms?

A

protects them

24
Q

who first found plaque?

A

Antony van leewenhook

25
Q

what is dental plaque?

A

a diverse microbial community (predominantly bacteria) found on the tooth surface, embedded in a matrix of polymers of bacterial and salivary origin

26
Q

what is the main etiological agent associated with caries and periodontal disease?

A

dental plaque

27
Q

what mucosal infection do oral biofilms cause?

A

thrush
angular cheilitis
denture stomatitis

28
Q

what periodontal infections can oral biofilm diseases cause?

A

gingivitis
periodontitis

29
Q

what is the endodontic infection that oral biofilm diseases can cause?

A

root canal

30
Q

what types of caries can oral biofilm diseases cause?

A

coronal caries
root surface caries

31
Q

what oral malodour can oral biofilm diseases cause?

A

dorsal surface of tongue

32
Q

how many types of bacteria species can be found in the mouth?

A

at least 700 types

33
Q

where are bacteria found in the mouth?

A

predominantly on hard tissues
- dorsum of tongue
- soft tissues (shedding)

34
Q

are there any microbes in the mouth at birth?
how do the microbes come?

A

no sterile at birth
- food, milk, water, mothers saliva

35
Q

what species are critical in forming a biofilm in the oral cavity?

A

Streptococcus
eg. S. salivarus or S. mitis

36
Q

what can change the oral microbiology?

A

age:
irruption of teeth
puberty (gram negative and spirochaetes)

37
Q

what is the main determent for colonisation in the oral environment?

A

saliva:
10^8 cfg/ml
salivary proteins

38
Q

at what stage in your life are you more impacted by cryogenic organisms?

A

young

39
Q

what are the 4 steps to plaque development?

A
  1. colonisation by pioneer bacteria
  2. outgrowth of microbacteria
  3. secondary colonisation
  4. climax community
40
Q

what are the 6 stages in caries forming?

A

adhesion
survival and growth
biofilm formation
complex plaque
acid
caries

41
Q

does the biofilm in the mouth like acid or alkali?

A

acid

42
Q

at what point in plaque development do the outcomes of oral disease happen?

A

climax community

43
Q

what happens at the climax community stage of plaque development?

A

polysaccharide production
synergistic metabolic interactions

44
Q

what would a high protein diet lead to?

A
  • few acidogenic organisms -> ammonia produced
  • more gram-negative
  • secondary metabolites therefor malodour
45
Q

what are high protein diets associated with?

A

malodour and tissue destruction

46
Q

what is a high carb diet associated with?

A

supports production of organisms such as streptococcus

47
Q

what would a high carbohydrate diet lead to?

A
  • metabolism reduces pH
  • aciduric organisms thrive
  • streptococci and lactobacilli
48
Q

what would a sudden change in the oral environment lead to? (ecological plaque hypothesis)

A

the nasty pathogens can get into the healthy biofilm and cause diseases

49
Q

are biofilms difficult or easy to treat?

A

they are difficult to treat

BAMS Molecules And Cells (6 decks)

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