Microbes in Oral Health and Disease Flashcards
when relationship moves mutualism > commensalism > parasitism what happens?
the infectious disease process begins
when relationship moves parasitism > commensalism > mutualism what happens?
reestablishment of healthy host occurs
what promotes the balance of disease in our favour?
immune system
vaccines
antimicrobial agents
in the balance of disease what are the cons?
immuno-suppression
virulence factors
resistance
what are the main contributors to oral health?
- integrity of oral mucosa
- lymphoid tissue
- saliva
- gingival crevicular fluid
- humoral and cellular immunity
how does saliva act as a mechanical cleanser?
muscular movements, in conjunction with saliva, maintain hygiene in accessible areas of mouth.
swallowed microbes are inactivated in the mouth
what is the innate host immune system?
- barriers
- non specific cellular
- inflammation
what is the acquired host immune system?
- specific
- memory
- t and B cells
what is the acquired host immune system?
- specific
- memory
- t and B cells
what is the stages of a parasites lifecycle?
parasite
enters/attaches to host
consolidation/multiplication of host
causes harm
release from host
dissemination and transmission
what contributes to the antimicrobial actions of saliva?
mechanical cleanser
lysozyme
peroxidase
lactoferrin
leucocytes
secretory IgA
what is the ubiquitous feature of bacteria?
can live in multiple environments
what is the diverse feature of bacteria?
varies in shapes, sizes and characteristics
what is the adaptive feature of bacteria?
evolve quickly (can divide in 20 mins and mature)
what are the main virulence factors?
motility > flagella
adhesion > pili/fimbriae
colonisation > extra polymeric material
invasion > enzymes/toxins
spread > immune evasion
how many microorganisms are in a ml of saliva?
10^8
how do pilli help bacteria?
they stick and make it difficult to remove
how many cultivable bacterial species are there?
350
what do alterations in microbial flora cause?
diease
what do aerobes do in the oral enviroment?
use up all the oxygen that all for bacteria that like CO2 to grow
what are the factors that lead to dental caries?
saliva
plaque microorganisms
teeth
diet
time
what is marginal gingivitis?
gingivitis around where the tooth meets the gum
what is hyper plastic gingivitis?
proliferative response to plaque
- all around the gums
what is an endodontic infection?
infections to pulp generally secondary to tooth infections/ trauma
where are endodontic infections derived from?
endogenous microflora
what is another name for a root canal infection?
endodontic infection
what prevents an endodontic infection?
intact enamel and dentine protect the pulp
*‘what are purulent infections?
abscesses with pus forming and intra/extra oral swelling
- deadly as can lead to sepsis
what causes a purulent infections?
usually comes from a root canal infection
what do you do in a case of extra oral swelling?
drain the abscess to remove the site of infection then sent to a medial professional
what is haematogenous spread?
bacteria into blood steam >
- cardiovascular
- prosthetic joints
- dissemination
- toxic shock
what is the visible symptom of pseudomembranous candidiasis?
non-adherent white plaque growing on the mucosa
what is candid leukoplakia?
- grows into the mucosa
usually seen in smokers
adherent speckled white plaque
PREMALIGNANT
what is denture stomatitis?
- seen in patients with dentures
due to them not being removed for long periods of time causing bacteria to grow on upper palate
what generally causes oral diseases?
polymicrobial communitie - biofilms
