Oral and craniofacial biology

Question 1

What is the role of the cranium?

Answer 1

It protects the brain and the sensory organs.

Question 2

What two parts form the cranium?

Answer 2

The neurocranium and viscerocranium.

Question 3

What is the neurocranium made of?

Answer 3

It is made of the skull cap, cranial base and intracranial region.

Question 4

What are the 8 bones that form the neurocranium?

Answer 4

1. frontal
2. ethmoidal
3. sphenoidal
4. occipital
5. temporal
6. parietal

Question 5

What is the viscerocranium made of?

Answer 5

It is made of the facial bones in the anterior part of the cranium.

Question 6

What are the 8 bones that form the viscerocranium?

Answer 6

1. mandible
2. vomer
3. maxillae
4. inferior nasal conchae
5. zygomatic
6. palatine
7. nasal
8. lacrimal

Question 7

What are the 6 cranial bones?

Answer 7

1. frontal
2. parietal
3. occipital
4. temporal
5. sphenoid
6. ethmoid

Question 8

What is the special characteristic of the sphenoid bone?

Answer 8

It has a shape that resembles a butterfly.

Question 9

What is the plate found in the middle of the ethmoid bone?

Answer 9

The perpendicular plate.

Question 10

What is the role of the perpendicular plate?

Answer 10

It forms the nasal septum along with the vomer bone.

Question 11

What connects the neurocranial and viscerocranial?

Answer 11

It is connected by the greater wing of the sphenoid.

Question 12

What is the point at which three bones connect on the skull?

Answer 12

Pterion.

Question 13

What are the three bones that join at the pterion?

Answer 13

1. frontal
2. sphenoid
3. parietal

Question 14

What are the 8 facial bones?

Answer 14

1. maxilla
2. palatine
3. zygomatic
4. lacrimal
5. nasal
6. vomer
7. inferior nasal conchae
8. mandible

Question 15

What are the four main sinus cavities found in the skull?

Answer 15

1. frontal
2. ethmoid
3. sphenoid
4. maxillary

Question 16

What is a sinus cavity?

Answer 16

It is a space that contains air and mucus that drains through and out of the nose.

Question 17

What role does skull sutures have?

Answer 17

They allow bones to move during birth and allow the bones to enlarge as the brain grows.

Question 18

What type of joints are sutures?

Answer 18

They are fibrous joints.

Question 19

What is the name of the condyle that the skull uses to articulate with the cervical spine?

Answer 19

The occipital condyle.

Question 20

How many cervical vertebrae does the cervical spine consist of?

Answer 20

7.

Question 21

What movements does the cervical spine allow?

Answer 21

1. FLEXION: movement of head forward
2. EXTENSION: look back
3. LATERAL FLEXION: bend from side to side
4. ROTATION: turn head from side to side

Question 22

Through which opening does the vertebral artery come through?

Answer 22

Foramen transversarium.

Question 23

What are the two cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2) called?

Answer 23

Atlas and axis.

Question 24

What is the special articulation found on the axis called?

Answer 24

Dens.

Question 25

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

Answer 25

1. anterior 2. middle 3. posterior

Question 26

What structures does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

Answer 26

1. frontal 2. ethmoid 3. lesser wing of the sphenoid

Question 27

Which structure defines the posterior border of the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 27

The lesser wing of the sphenoid.

Question 28

What is the crista galli and in which cranial fossa can it be found?

Answer 28

It is pointy. Arises from the ethmoid bone and holds the meninge that divides the two cerebral hemispheres. Found in the anterior cranial fossa.

Question 29

What is the cruciform plate and in which cranial fossa can it be found?

Answer 29

It is through these little holes that the olfactory nerves come through the nasal cavity. Found in the anterior cranial fossa.

Question 30

What structures does the middle cranial fossa contain?

Answer 30

1. sphenoid (greater wings and body plus the sinus) It is the greatest part which has holes through which cranial nerves and vessels enter. 2. petrous part of the temporal bone It is the toughest part of the temporal bone and protects the cochlea.

Question 31

What structures does the posterior cranial fossa contain?

Answer 31

1. temporal | 2. occipital

Question 32

What two structures sit in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 32

1. occipital lobe | 2. cerebellum

Question 33

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 33

It is a saddle-like prominence that crosses the midline on the superior surface of the sphenoid. Contains the pituitary gland.