Oral and craniofacial biology Flashcards
What is the role of the cranium?
It protects the brain and the sensory organs.
What two parts form the cranium?
The neurocranium and viscerocranium.
What is the neurocranium made of?
It is made of the skull cap, cranial base and intracranial region.
What are the 8 bones that form the neurocranium?
- frontal
- ethmoidal
- sphenoidal
- occipital
- temporal
- parietal
What is the viscerocranium made of?
It is made of the facial bones in the anterior part of the cranium.
What are the 8 bones that form the viscerocranium?
- mandible
- vomer
- maxillae
- inferior nasal conchae
- zygomatic
- palatine
- nasal
- lacrimal
What are the 6 cranial bones?
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
What is the special characteristic of the sphenoid bone?
It has a shape that resembles a butterfly.
What is the plate found in the middle of the ethmoid bone?
The perpendicular plate.
What is the role of the perpendicular plate?
It forms the nasal septum along with the vomer bone.
What connects the neurocranial and viscerocranial?
It is connected by the greater wing of the sphenoid.
What is the point at which three bones connect on the skull?
Pterion.
What are the three bones that join at the pterion?
- frontal
- sphenoid
- parietal
What are the 8 facial bones?
- maxilla
- palatine
- zygomatic
- lacrimal
- nasal
- vomer
- inferior nasal conchae
- mandible
What are the four main sinus cavities found in the skull?
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- maxillary
What is a sinus cavity?
It is a space that contains air and mucus that drains through and out of the nose.
What role does skull sutures have?
They allow bones to move during birth and allow the bones to enlarge as the brain grows.
What type of joints are sutures?
They are fibrous joints.
What is the name of the condyle that the skull uses to articulate with the cervical spine?
The occipital condyle.
How many cervical vertebrae does the cervical spine consist of?
7.
What movements does the cervical spine allow?
- FLEXION: movement of head forward
- EXTENSION: look back
- LATERAL FLEXION: bend from side to side
- ROTATION: turn head from side to side
Through which opening does the vertebral artery come through?
Foramen transversarium.
What are the two cervical vertebrae (C1 and C2) called?
Atlas and axis.
What is the special articulation found on the axis called?
Dens.
What are the 3 cranial fossae?
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
What structures does the anterior cranial fossa contain?
- frontal
- ethmoid
- lesser wing of the sphenoid
Which structure defines the posterior border of the anterior cranial fossa?
The lesser wing of the sphenoid.
What is the crista galli and in which cranial fossa can it be found?
It is pointy.
Arises from the ethmoid bone and holds the meninge that divides the two cerebral hemispheres.
Found in the anterior cranial fossa.
What is the cruciform plate and in which cranial fossa can it be found?
It is through these little holes that the olfactory nerves come through the nasal cavity.
Found in the anterior cranial fossa.
What structures does the middle cranial fossa contain?
- sphenoid (greater wings and body plus the sinus)
It is the greatest part which has holes through which cranial nerves and vessels enter. - petrous part of the temporal bone
It is the toughest part of the temporal bone and protects the cochlea.
What structures does the posterior cranial fossa contain?
- temporal
2. occipital
What two structures sit in the posterior cranial fossa?
- occipital lobe
2. cerebellum
What is the sella turcica?
It is a saddle-like prominence that crosses the midline on the superior surface of the sphenoid.
Contains the pituitary gland.
