Care of dental patients Flashcards
What is oral epidemiology?
It is the study of the distribution of oral diseases in the population.
What are some common oral conditions?
- dental caries
- periodontal disease
- dental fluorosis
- oral cancer
What are some of the determinants of diseases and potential risk factors in a specific population?
- dietary habits
- oral hygiene
- smoking
- alcohol/ illicit drugs
- pollution
- use of preventive dental services
What are the main changes in dental caries levels and patterns of dental caries? (part 1)
- decline in prevalence and severity of dental caries
- lower caries incidence in children and adolescents
- more common among least affluent, least educated
- more common among Asian children (England)
What are risk factors in dental caries?
- sugar consumption
- fluoride toothpaste
- oral hygiene
- preventive dental visits
What are the main changes in dental caries levels and patterns of dental caries? (part 2)
- most people have no or low caries cavities
- most lesions are pit and fissure lesions
- lesions are smaller and cavitation occurs at a later stage of disease
- cavitation occurs at later age
- caries occurs in adults instead of children
What is the distribution of periodontal diseases?
- higher in boys than girls, males than females
- higher in older population
- higher in less educated
- higher in poorer population
- higher in unskilled
- higher in rural population
- higher in certain ethnic groups
What is meant by psychosocial factors?
They lead to changes in the oral habitat and in behavioural responses of the host, such as poor hygiene and smoking, and on the host’s responses to environmental determinants such as stress.
Periodontal disease is a social disease. True or false? What type of factors determine periodontal disease?
True, they are determined by psychosocial factors.
What can cause traumatic dental injuries?
- failure to use protective gears
- extreme sports
- accidents
- bullying
What can cause oral cancer?
- low socioeconomic status
- alcohol
- poor diet
- pollution
- genetics
More common in Asian minorities due to tobacco consumption.
What are risk factors for caries?
Sugars found in diet.
What are risk factors for gingival inflammation?
Hygiene and tobacco.
What are risk factors for periodontitis?
Hygiene and tobacco.
What are risk factors for mucosal disease?
Tobacco and alcohol.
What is a risk factor for TMJ disorders?
Stress.
What is a risk factor for trauma to teeth and jaws?
Accidents.
What are the four main common risk factors?
- diet
- tobacco
- alcohol
- hygiene
What is meant by health promotion?
It is the process of enabling people and communities to increase control over their health and its determinants.
Change the range of options available to people and to make health-promoting choices easier and/or diminish health damaging options by making them more difficult to choose.
What are the three levels of public health interventions to improve health of the population?
- downstream
- mid-stream
- upstream
What is downstream public health intervention?
They are treatments, prevention and health education for those with some disease and disability.
This consumes most resources and encompasses a small segment of the population.
What is mid-stream public health intervention?
They are preventive interventions targeting population at risk of adverse health outcomes.
What is upstream public health intervention?
They are healthy public policy interventions which include governmental institutional, and organisational actions directed at entire populations.
They require support from taxes, legal constraints and reimbursement mechanisms for health promotion and primary prevention.
What are examples of upstream intervention in oral care?
- water fluoridation
- sugar taxes
- smoke ban
- availability of healthy foods
What are examples of downstream or midstream intervention in oral care?
- health education
2. preventive intervention
