Option F.1 Geo Flashcards
Food Security
QAAS (quality, availability, affordability, security)
Calorie Intake
Number of calories a person consumes kcals/day
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
Measure prevalence of hunger form 0-100 by undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality
Child wasting
Low weight for age
Child stunting
Low height for age
Global Food Security Index (GFSI)
Measures food security with QAAS on a scale from 0-100
Malnutrition
Poor diet; too much or not enough nutrition
Macros
carbs, proteins, fats
Micros
minerals & elements
Marasmus
Not enough energy in diet
Kwashiorkor
Not enough protein in diet
Nutritional Transition
Shift in consumption patterns associated with economic developments (i.e LIC derive food from cheap carbohydrates -> child wasting, HIC derive food from proteins, fats and carbs -> obesity
Heath Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)
Indicates number of expected years to live in health/high quality of life by combing age & sex specific mortality data
Infant mortality
number of deaths >1 year per 1000 live births
Child mortality
number of deaths >5 years per 1000 live births
Maternal mortality
number of maternal deaths per 100,000
Access to sanitation
- Physically accessible to everyone
- running water, toiles & sinks, waste management
Epidemiological transition
Shift from CD’S (communicable diseases) to NCD’S (non communicable disease) within a country
Epidemiological transition stages
- pestilence & famine
- receding pandemics
- degenerative/chronic diseases
Disease continuum
diseases of poverty (cholera) to diseases of affluence (depression)
Vectors
agents which transmit infection from source to human/animal but are uneffected
Zoonoses
diseases passed from infected animals to humans
Commercial agriculture
products grown at large scale; sold for profit
Subsistence agriculture
products eaten by cultivators
Intensive farming
farming with high inputs & high yields per unit of area
Extensive farming
farming with low inputs or low yields per unit of area
Systems
Input -> Process -> Output
Energy efficiency ratio (ERR)
measure of inputs against outputs
Water footprint
measure of volume of water used in human activities/product
Virtual water
volume of water embedded in product
Food availability deficit (FAD)
local food shortages caused by physical factors leading to an increase in hunger
Food entitlement deficit (FED)
food shortages caused by political-economic factors; distribution & production (increase in hunger)
Expansion diffusion
disease diffuses from source outwards
Relocation diffusion
disease spreads into new area; leaving behind origin
Contagious diffusion
disease spreads via direct contact
Hierarchal diffusion
spread of disease in ordered sequence; i.e rural to urban
Network diffusion
spread of disease via transportation/social networks
The Green Revolution
1960/70’s drastic increase in food production bc selective breeding; high yield crop varieties
