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HSC PDHPE > Option 1: Sports Medicine > Flashcards

Option 1: Sports Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

(IC) How is an injury identified?

A

On how the injury has been caused (is it an indirect or direct force?)

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2
Q

(IC) What are direct injuries?

A

External force (external object from outside of the body, ie, cricket ball hits the leg causing a bruise, fall off a skateboard and graze the arms)- at the site of contact

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3
Q

(IC) What are indirect injuries?

A

Internal force (pulling a hamstring, dislocating a shoulder through falling on the ground and hitting your hand )

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4
Q

(IC) What are overuse injuries?

A

Repeated stress without enough time for a body to heal (stress fracture or tendonitis, shin splints)

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5
Q

(STI) What are soft tissue injuries?

A

Any part of the body besides bone or teeth (ankle sprain, strained hamstring, contusions, abrasions)

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6
Q

(HTI) What are hard tissue injuries?

A

Damage to hard tissue such as bones and teeth (fractures, bone breaks, dislocations)

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7
Q

(STI) What are strains? SAS and example (tears)

A

Occur when a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn. There is pain, swelling, discolouration. For example, a hamstring strain.

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8
Q

(STI) What are sprains? SAS and example

A

Arise from the stretching of a ligament (connecting bone to bone) There is often swelling, pain and the inability to perform joint movements. For example, ankle sprain

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9
Q

(STI) What are contusions? SAS and example

A

Bruise, interruption of blood flow to surrounding tissue. Swelling, pain discolouration, lack of mobility. For example, a concussion is a brain bruise

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10
Q

(STI) What are abrasions? SAS and management

A

Friction and trauma to the outer layer of the skin. For example, shallow bleeding as a result of falling off a bike

Bleeding, stinging, embedded materials. (Treatment requires gentle cleansing and sterilisation of the wound to prevent infection- remove embedded material)

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11
Q

(STI) What are lacerations? SAS and management

A

A wound where the flesh has suffered an irregular tear (head clash, hitting an object, sharp objects)

(Treatment requires the wound be cleaned and a dressing applied, or need to be seen by a doctor if deep for stitches)

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12
Q

(STI) What are blisters? SAS and management

A

Caused by a collection of fluid below or within the surface of the skin. They occur from a collected use of equipment or clothing. (runners get blisters on their feet and ballerinas, rowers have them on their hands)
Pain, bleeding, pus, discomfort (Treatment requires rest and possible surgical release of fluid. Soap, water, antiseptic and dressing)

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13
Q

(MSTI) (TIR)What is the inflammatory response?

A
  • When soft tissue is injured, it becomes inflamed but responds by activating a self-healing process.
  • May last up to 3-4 days after the injury occurs
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14
Q

(MSTI) (TIR) What are the 3 phases?

A

The acute inflammatory, the repair and regenerative phase and the remodelling phase

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15
Q

(MSTI) (TIR)What is the ‘acute inflammatory’ phase?

A

Pain, redness, bleeding and swelling, loss of mobility, increased blood flow, 6-8 hours, enact ricer

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16
Q

(MSTI) (TIR)What is the ‘repair and regen’ phase?

A

Elimination of debris, formation of new fibres, production of scar tissue, increased WBC, rapid onset 24-48 hours or 3 days-6 weeks

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17
Q

(MSTI) (TIR)What is the ‘remodelling’ phase?

A

Replacement tissue strengthens and develops in direction that the force is applied, increased scar tissue production

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18
Q

(MSTI) (RICER) What does RICER mean and what is it used for?

A

The immediate management of soft tissue injuries and ensures that the injury heals correctly and in the shortest period of time. It must be enacted in the first 24-72 hours

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19
Q

(MSTI) First R in RICER

A

Rest- by placing in a comfy position with the injury elevated and supported. This is to reduce bleeding, swelling and prevent further injury, and occurs until it can be mobilised

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20
Q

(MSTI) The I in RICER

A

Ice-Use ice in a wet towel or gel pack to reduce blood flow, pain, swelling and spasming of the injury. This occurs every 20 minutes every hour up to 4 days

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21
Q

(MSTI)The C in RICER

A

Compression- Wrap an elastic bandage over the injured area, covering both above and below the site. This is to decrease bleeding, avoid swelling. This occurs at the time of the injury and is periodically applied for at least 24 hours

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22
Q

(MSTI)The E in RICER

A

Elevate-Raise the injured area about the heart and support the injury. This decreases bleeding, swelling and throbbing. This occurs whenever possible during the day and at night.

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23
Q

(MSTI)The second R in RICER

A

Referral- Appointment with Dr or Physio, to understand, treat and rehab the injury. Whenever possible following the injury

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24
Q

(MSTI) What does the HARM acronym mean?

A

H- no heat, A- no alc, R- no running or excessive movement, M- no massaging for at least 72 hours

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25
Q

(MHTI) What is a fracture?

A

A break in the bone and can be caused by direct impact, unnatural movement, fall or even overuse

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26
Q

(MHTI)What are some examples of fractures?

A

Hairline fractures, partial, simple, compound, complicated

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27
Q

(MHTI)What are the SAS and management of fractures?

A

Hearing a noise, deformity, discolouration, swelling, bruising, bleeding, intense pain, loss of function and mobility (control bleeding, support, immobilise, treat shock and bleeding, seek medical assistance_

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28
Q

(MHTI) What is a dislocation?

A

Bones are moved and displaced out of their usual place (possible ligament damage as well)

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29
Q

(MHTI) What are the SAS and management of fractures?

A

Pain, deformity, swelling, tenderness, loss of mobility and function. (mmobilise and seek medical assistance, don’t attempt to relocate any dislocations, secure in a stint, RICER)

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30
Q

(MHTI) What are subluxations?

A

Bones that have popped out and popped back in- some soft tissue damage too

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31
Q

(MHTI) Management of teeth injuries

A

Replace or put in milk or saliva.

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32
Q

(AINAE) What is TOTAPS?

A

an assessment procedure used to assess injuries and determine the extent of an injury in order to take the appropriate care to see that the acronym is followed.

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33
Q

(AINAE) T (TOTAPS)

A

Talk: find out what happened, where it hurts, pain scale, noises etc

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34
Q

(AINAE) O (TOTAPS)

A

Observe: Look for any signs of injury, obvious deformities, compare the injured sites to the opp side of body, look for pain and discomfort

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35
Q

(AINAE) T2(TOTAPS)

A

Touch: Feel for deformiting and swelling with consent, apply pressure to determine if its a dislocation or fracture, seeing how they react to touch.

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36
Q

(AINAE) A (TOTAPS)

A

Active movement: The athlete goes through a full range of movement- without main, the athlete moves themselves

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37
Q

(AINAE) P (TOTAPS)

A

Passive movement: Physio moves the joint to identify pain or instability- moving through the ROM, noting pain or difficulty

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38
Q

(AINAE) S (TOTAPS)

A

Skills: The player attempts a skill used in the game, determining if they are right to continue or need further attention- jumping etc

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39
Q

(IACCY) Considerations for children/young athletes with medical conditions ie. asthma, diabetes or epilepsy

A

Management plan and appropriate supervision

- Some forms of physical activity needs to be avoided

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40
Q

(IACCY) Asthma considerations

A

Use lots of subs, smaller field, shorter playing time, keep players from triggers, make the sport less aerobic, ensure medication is there

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41
Q

(IACCY) Epilepsy considerations

A

Be aware of the problem, trigger and treatment- safety considerations (swimming)
-Get clearance from a doctor
Avoid sports where they may be alone such as swimming or scuba diving alone- abseiling, rock climbing

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42
Q

(IACCY) Overuse injuries consideration

A
  • Proper biomechanical form and technique
  • Rest days- spaced training, monitoring volume and intensity of exercise
  • Swimmers shoulder
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43
Q

(IACCY) Thermoregulation considerations

A
  • Underdeveloped sweat glands, high SAVR, slow acclimatisation
  • Avoid extreme weather, regular rest, substitutes, regular rest and hydration, appropriate clothing
44
Q

(IACCY) Appropriateness of resistance training for children

A
  • Appropriate if restrictions are followed
  • Proper biomechanical technique
  • Should begin with body weight and load slowly (accurate movements rather than weight)
  • Supervision, spotting and no specialisation
45
Q

(IACCY) Bone fractures in young athletes

A
  • Pituitary gland sends growth hormones sending the body into rapid growth- and growth of epiphyseal plates (femur)
  • More susceptible to injury
  • Rollerskating injury etc
46
Q

(POFE) Medical conditions for older athletes

A

Heart condition: HBP, heart attack, heart issues, bypass etc, less efficient, CHD, arterio and athero

  • Bone density: BD decreases and falls increase, osteoporosis, post-menopausal women especially, arthritis
  • Joint flex: decrease with age- loss of elasticity in tendons and muscles
47
Q

(POFE) Heart condition considerations

A

Work at 60-75 % of MHR)

  • 30 mins/day, 3x a week
  • Program should be individual and sustainable
  • Must obtain medical clearance
  • Begin slowly, progress gradually- physiological adaptations
  • Jogging, walking, aqua aerobics
48
Q

(POFE) BD considerations

A

Aim: lower the risk of falls and fractures

  • Should focus on components such as balance, strength, coordination and flexibility
  • Avoid high loads, high impact activities, contact sports or sports that change direction
  • Include endurance and low impact (core strength)
  • Pilates and stationary bikes
49
Q

(POFE) Flexibility considerations

A

Exercise programs must focus on safe stretching and improving ROM in joints

  • Increase flexibility, balance and stability (strength)
  • Keep joints supple and maintain a wide ROM
  • Swimming
50
Q

(DIEPIS) Iron deficiency (FA)

A
  • Females often have low iron due to loss of blood through menstruation, low iron intake in diet, pregnancy and lesser absorption than men
  • Iron deficient anaemia is prominent in female endurance athletes, such as long-distance runners, swimmers, triathletes, cyclists etc
  • Iron supplementation
51
Q

(DIEPIS) How does iron deficiency affect female athletes?

A
  • Lethargy and fatigue prevent participation in sport due to the inability to complete the activity
  • Significant reduction in athletic performance, and can inhibit performance all together- not able to participate for long periods of time, having less energy and less drive to perform, inability to complete certain athletic movements, training or games
52
Q

(DIEPIS) Eating disorders (FA)

A

Eating disorders are prevalent and significant in sports where image and bodily physique is important

  • The pressures of coaches, media, agents, advertising, sponsors to produce a thin, sexualized image- fellow competitors
  • Some examples of sports with prominent eating disorders: swimming, diving, gymnastics, tennis, dancing, ballet, synchronised swimming
53
Q

(DIEPIS) How do eating disorders affect female athletes?

A

Eating disorders are prevalent and significant in sports where image and bodily physique is important

  • The pressures of coaches, media, agents, advertising, sponsors to produce a thin, sexualized image- fellow competitors
  • Some examples of sports with prominent eating disorders: swimming, diving, gymnastics, tennis, dancing, ballet, synchronised swimming
  • Exercise addiction and exhaustion
54
Q

(DIEPIS) Bone density (FA)

A

As estrogen levels frop, mineral counts also decline (calcium and vitamin D are significant)

  • Female athletes need to ensure they consume the right amount of calcium for one develop, and either produce vitamin D through supplementation or sun exposure
  • post-menopausal women and women with eating disorders are at a much higher risk of having low estrogen and bone density loss.
  • The athlete may become more prone to fractures- high contact sports such as rugby union, AFL
55
Q

(DIEPIS) How does bone density affect female athletes in sport?

A

Exercise should still be maintained and included but high impact activities should be avoided (low impact, aqua aerobics, walking, swimming)

  • Exercise lowers the risk of osteoporosis
  • Can cause fractures within contact sport- taking time off due to injuries (no participation in sport)
  • High-intensity exercises can cause weakness in bones- furthering the issues
56
Q

(DIEPIS) Pregnancy (FA)

A
  • Women are now allowed to be pregnant and participate in sport- strict guidelines and guidance to ensure the safety of the mother and the child during the differing trimesters
  • Women that are pregnant also have an increase in relaxin- a hormone that allows for greater flexibility, especially within the joints of the athlete
  • This can lead to greater ROM at joints- but this also allows for joints to be stretched at the full range of motion- increasing the likelihood of dislocation
  • The centre of gravity will have shifted due to weight gain- exercise becomes a higher intensity
57
Q

(DIEPIS) How does pregnancy affect female athletes?

A
  • increased risk of injury and dislocation due to relaxing and more range of movement at the joints- comibed with physical activity could be potentially unsafe
  • Increased weight may make endurace exercise difficult to complete- or any exrcise depending on the trimester (marathon, triathlon)
  • No contact sports or high risk activities (AFL, rugby, ice skating, abseiling, rock climbing)
  • All activities must be done in accordance to the safety of the mother and the child
  • Can’t exercise during the heat of the day- activities with high heats due to overheating which can be harmful to the development of the child- no scuba diving
58
Q

What is physical preparation? (APP)

A

Sports injuries can be prevented through preparation and preventative measures, so sports medicine procedures do not need to be enacted.

(Pre screening, skill and technique, warm up, physical fitness, stretching)

59
Q

(APP) Pre-screening

A

Assesses the health status of a person before they become engaged in a training program
-Age, gender, health status, and previous experience
Pre-screening helps obtain medical clearance so the sport can be carried our safely and without any complications
-Specialised exercise plan
-Males over 40, females over 50, asthmatics, obese, HBP

60
Q

(APP) Physical fitness

A
  • Proper fitness ensures that the right energy and ability is required to complete the activity
  • With fatigue, injuries are more common as there is a slowed reaction, muscles become tight, mental focus deteriorates, fatigued muscles are less able to absorb impact from external forces
  • Individuals may need specialized fitness training based on their sport, and their previous injuries such as weaknesses.
61
Q

(APP) Skill and technique

A

Many sports injuries are the result of poor technique and lack of skill, or poor execution of skill (for example, tackling with poor head position- causing neck injuries
-If the athlete has properly trained and has acquired the proper skill and technique, they are less likely to be injured

62
Q

(APP) Warming up

A
  • Warmups cause redistribution of the blood flow around the body; activity causes blood to be drawn to the skeletal muscles where oxygen and nutrients are needed by the cells to enable muscle contraction
  • Higher muscle temperatures increase the ability of the muscle to stretch without tearing and improve the time that it takes a muscle to respond to a stimulus (reflexes)- also positive psychologically to the athlete- knowledge that the muscle will respond.
63
Q

(APP) Stretching

A

Necessary to prepare the muscles for the movements required during performance- a thorough routine should last for 10-15 minutes -completed during warm-up and cool-down- force should be applied for 10-30 seconds e.g static stretching
-correct stretching exercises will increase strength of muscles, reduce muscle tendon, increase blood circulation, improve ROM

64
Q

(APP) Cool downs

A
  • Body temp, circulation and respiratory rates return to their pre-exercise state.
  • Prevents blood pooling in limbs, removes lactic acid, maintain flexibility, decrease muscle soreness
  • An adequate cool down involves stretching for approximately 10 minutes, performing callisthenics, and finishing with a gross motor activity such as a light jog or swim- is essentially the opposite of a warmup
65
Q

(SPATSE) How do rules of sports and activities promote safe participation?

A
  • Assist the flow of play and prevent injury- offering safer participation in sport through regulation
  • Rules guide the safety of the sport, e.g. lowering the height of the backswing of the hockey stick when striking the ball.
66
Q

(SPATSE) How does protective equipment promote safe participation?

A
  • It must protect yourself and other players, allow freedom of movement, allow air flow as required, be comfortable.
  • Higher risk of injury= heightened need for quality protective equipment
  • Can protect from serious injury (roller derby)
67
Q

(SPATSE) How do modified rules for children promote safe participation?

A

-In sports rules can be modified to accommodate to the needs of children -Changes make the sport more enjoyable and accessible, causing further participation and involvement in the sport
-They are more likely to be willing participants- and more likely to be safe whilst playing- prevention of injury
T ball stands in softball

68
Q

(SPATSE) How does footwear promote safe participation?

A
  • Must be appropriate to the sport, whilst also being protective, suitable, rigid and reliable
  • Inappropriate footwear causes blistering, calluses and even structural deformity- discomfort to the player- further injury
  • Different sports have different footwear needs, and target certain areas of the foot:
  • Netball shoes- supported ankle, pivoting and support for jumping and changing direction
69
Q

(SPATSE) How does safe playgrounds and facilities promote safe participation?

A
  • Equipment must be suited to the players, and must be checked and maintained, padded appropriately and properly constructed (ensuring the uneven bars in gymnastics are stable and correctly put together)
  • No glass, lids, rubber etc
70
Q

(SPATSE) Matching opponents

A
  • Pos: To prevent serious injury in sports (especially contact sports such as rugby league and rugby union), children should be played against children their own size
  • Neg: Children who are larger may possibly have less skill if they are moved up into a higher division, also increasing the risk of injury, as poor skill execution may cause a sports injury
71
Q

(EC) Hydration and fluid intake as a strategy

A

-Lack of adequate fluid inhibits performance whilst also having serious health consequences such as dehydration-Athletes must be able to recognize and understand the basic principles of temperature regulation to implement strategies for control.
-2-3 litres a day as recommended before event
500ml in the morning of event
230 mL thirty minutes prior to the start of the event
1.5L for every kg lost (after the event)

72
Q

(EC) Temperature regulation

A

The body continually creates and loses heat- heat balance is when there is an equal amount of heat production and heat loss
-There are 4 mechanisms of losing bodily heat: convection, radiation, conduction and evaporation (CRCE= cats ravish caterpillars easily)

73
Q

(EC) Convection

A

-Transfers heat away from the skin by a moving fluid (such as an air current)
-For example, a runner loses heat to the surrounding air as they move through it
LOSING HEAT: place athlete in front of fan, water on skin
GAINING HEAT: wind breaker jacket

74
Q

(EC) Radiation

A

-Loss of heat in the form of infra red rays
-During activity, our body heats and a lot oft his heat is radiated to the atmosphere
-The bigger the difference between the body’s heat and the environment= more heat loss
LOSING HEAT: exposing skin to environment
GAINING HEAT: exposure to sun, fire or heater

75
Q

(EC) Conduction

A

-Transfer of heat from body to an object by contact
-For example, when playing tennis feet contract and hit the surface and conduct heat to it during the process
-Only accounts for a small amount of heat loss
LOSING HEAT: Lying on cool surfaces such as metal or ice vests
GAINING HEAT: exposure to warm objects such as hot water bottle

76
Q

(EC) Evaporation

A

-Loss of heat through sweating
-Only effective if the water evaporates
-Major form of heat loss in endurance events where the temp is high (running a marathon during summer)
LOSING HEAT: Adding water to body, drinking fluids- helps produce sweat
GAINING HEAT: remove water from body (wet clothes etc), layers of clothing

77
Q

(EC) (THRWAP) How does temperature affect sports participation?

A
  • Hypothermia or hyperthermia
  • Warm temperatures (running, cycling, volleyball, summer sports): Sustained performance in high temps can lead to heatstroke (increasing blood volume becomes devoted to transporting heat, not oxygen, loss of fluid)- ensure to have breathable clothing, maintain fluid intake and remain out of sun
  • Cold temperatures (skiing, surfing endurance running, scuba diving): loss of heat can occur, causing shivering and peripheral vasoconstriction. (decrease in blood vessel size)
78
Q

(EC) (THRWAP)How does humidity affect sports participation?

A

Environmental warmth and humidity limit the body’s ability to dissipate heat -Humidity prevents evaporation
-Exercise in times of high temp and humidity place the athlete at the greatest risk.

79
Q

(EC) (THRWAP) How does wind affect sports participation?

A

Cold+ Wind: greater chance of hypothermia

  • Convection: cold wind reduces body temp, radiation: limited heat gained due to limited sunlight
  • Combined effects of convection and conduction contribute to wind chill
  • Light clothing that covers the body and wetsuits for surfing and full body ski suits with goggles are examples of clothing that can prevent windchill.
80
Q

(EC) (THRWAP) How does rain affect sports participation?

A
  • It can affect visibility and causes slips, falls and collisions
  • For example: cycling: combination of speed, lack of traction, poor visibility= accidents.
  • Rain increases the heat lost through convection as water moves across the surface of the skin
  • Rain and cold and wind= greater chance of hypothermia
81
Q

(EC) (THRWAP) How does altitude affect sports participation?

A

-Less oxygen available in the air, meaning less oxygen in the blood, poorer performance (less oxygen, less energy that can be synthesized into ATP for energy
Short duration performance sports may benefit from higher altitudes: less resistance
-Solar radiation is stronger- wearing sunscreen and other protective behaviors

82
Q

(EC) (THRWAP) How does pollution affect sports participation?

A
  • Pollution increases airway resistance, causing respiratory tract irritation = reduced oxygen transport capacity in the blood
  • Lethargy and fatigue
83
Q

(EC) What is acclimatisation?

A
  • A training technique where an athlete experiences different climactic stressors, causing physiological adaptations to occur.
  • Live high train high, live low, train high, live high, train low
84
Q

(TAB) Prophylactic taping

A
  • Limit range of motion
  • Provide proprioceptive feedback to stimulate muscles for stability
  • Increase stability of the joint
  • Shift anatomic parts into the correct position e.g. patella
  • Compress soft tissue to reduce inflammation
  • Psychological
85
Q

(TAB) Rehab

A
  • Taping may be enacted so the athlete can participate in body conditioning exercise to maintain fitness during recuperation
  • Limits ROM
86
Q

(TAB) Isolation of injury

A
  • Helps reduce the occurrence of re-injury as the athlete returns to play- reduces the range of motion at the joint, provides structural support by increasing the stability of the joint and provides feedback for the athlete before pain.
  • Patellofemoral syndrome, reducing pain and helping align the patella properly
87
Q

(TAB) Immediete treatment of injury

A
  • Helps force fluid away from the area, restricts fluid coming into the areas, reducing inflammation, and prevents damage to tissue- Also helps decrease the debris needing to be cleaned up by the immune system- speeding up recovery
  • Reduces movement, limits re-injury, provides support
88
Q

(ERPFSI) What is rehabilitation?

A

Rehabilitation enhances recovery time, enhances the return to pre-injury fitness levels (especially regarding strength and flexibility)

  • Reduce scar tissue formation
  • Reduce the likelihood of re-injury- strength conditioning and normal tissue growth
89
Q

(ERPFSI) Progressive mobilisation

A
  • Refers to the GRADUAL increase in the joint range of motion/ movement
  • Progressive mobilisation should begin as early as possible prevent scare tissue and to reduce the recovery time. The increase in joint range of motion should be as pain free as possible and involves both passive and active movement
90
Q

(ERPFSI) Training

A

-Must be able to complete a full training session w/o any pain or impairment of movement

91
Q

(ERPFSI) Graduated exercise

A
  • Stretching: Elasticity of muscle and tendon, lessening the chance of injury
  • Conditioning: Keeping your body in shape for your sport, prevents reversibility, isometrics are good
  • TBF: Return to pre-injury fitness, power, strength, endurance and flexibility
92
Q

(ERPFSI) Hot and cold treatment

A

Heat: Inc blood flow, provides more blood and nutrients to assist in healing., dec pain and stiffness,
-Cold: Reduces inflammation and swelling, decreases pain, reduces spasms

93
Q

(ERPFSI) (ISCTTU- Hamstring) Immediate treatment

A

RICER (Rest, Ice Compression, Elevation, and Referral).

  • First 48 hours- appropriate care during the acute phase
  • Once the injury has been assessed by a professional (Medical Practitioner, Physiotherapist, Specialist etc) and surgery completed if required, rehabilitation may begin.
94
Q

(ERPFSI) (ISCTTU- Hamstring) Stretching

A
  • There should be no stretching of the hamstring during the initial acute period of injury. This will allow the injury to begin to heal before it is pulled at, which will cause further injury.
  • Once a professional has declared this to be over, stretching becomes the first rehabilitation procedure for a hamstring tear.
95
Q

(ERPFSI) (ISCTTU- Hamstring) Conditioning

A
  • Pain free
  • Isometrics contractions that are low intensity
  • Dynamic exercises as it improves
  • Functional, then sport specific exercises
96
Q

(ERPFSI) (ISCTTU- Hamstring)

Total body fitness

A
  • After the acute phase of injury, stationary equipment is used to maintain and/or enhance total body fitness.
  • Arm ergometers can be used to help maintain cardiovascular fitness, but also rowing machines and cross trainers can be used, as long as the intensity keeps the hamstring pain free
  • Then light jogging
97
Q

(ERPFSI) (ISCTTU- Hamstring)

Training

A
  • Once the athlete has been given the clear from a professional, they may return to training. It will take a while for the muscular endurance and power produced by the hamstring to return.
  • The athlete will also become more confident to use the hamstring to their full potential through training drills
98
Q

(ERPFSI) (ISCTTU- Hamstring)

Use of heat and cold

A

-Cold therapy is used when pain occurs, especially during the acute phase of injury, or after rehabilitation exercises. -Heat is not used in the acute phase, but may be used to enhance blood flow to the hamstring before stretching or rehabilitation exercises in order to increase flexibility, and to provide blood flow to the area in order to speed up the healing process

99
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) Indicators to RTP

A
  • Mobility: Regained full movement, particularly in terms of agility
  • Pain-free: The injury is pain free during light exercise and strenuous work.
100
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) Monitoring progress (RTP)

A

To monitor progress, results from a pre-test taken before the injury can be compared to that of a post test

  • It establishes if the athlete has lost fitness components (speed and agility)
  • Has to be sport- specific
101
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) Psychological readiness (RTP)

A
  • Athlete needs to be confidence, positive and optimistic
  • Some athletes might want to return before they are recovered, and some may feel pressure to return by coaches, team mates, friends, sponsors etc
  • Questionnaire
102
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) Specific warm-ups (RTP)

A

Athletes returning must ensure they are fully warmed up and muscle groups have been stretched
-The warm ups may need to be more specific to the tailored area

103
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) (RTP) Policies and procedures from coaches/ professionals

A
  • Xray’s, discussion and consultation regarding strapping, taping, braces, fitness assessments, test results, sport specific skills and movements
  • Coaches and trainers: They have their own criteria- varies from sport to sport (A basketballer with a knee injury would do specific tests for knee and leg strength, as well as jumping ability and agility)
104
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) (RTP) Ethical Considerations (Pressure to participate)

A
  • Pressure to participate: -Internal: Athletes can be incredibly anxious about participation, whilst also being driven and motivated individuals, with their livelihood and income based off their performance.
  • External: Coaches and teammates may pressure athlete into returning before they are ready- commodification
105
Q

(PTIRRTP-Evaluate) (RTP) Ethical Considerations

Painkiller use

A

Painkillers prevent athletes from telling when an injury is worsening and when movement will cause further damage
-By using painkillers for performance and to place the athlete on the field, they can cause worsening of injury- can’t modify their movements accordingly

HSC PDHPE (5 decks)

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