Option 1: Sports Medicine Flashcards
(IC) How is an injury identified?
On how the injury has been caused (is it an indirect or direct force?)
(IC) What are direct injuries?
External force (external object from outside of the body, ie, cricket ball hits the leg causing a bruise, fall off a skateboard and graze the arms)- at the site of contact
(IC) What are indirect injuries?
Internal force (pulling a hamstring, dislocating a shoulder through falling on the ground and hitting your hand )
(IC) What are overuse injuries?
Repeated stress without enough time for a body to heal (stress fracture or tendonitis, shin splints)
(STI) What are soft tissue injuries?
Any part of the body besides bone or teeth (ankle sprain, strained hamstring, contusions, abrasions)
(HTI) What are hard tissue injuries?
Damage to hard tissue such as bones and teeth (fractures, bone breaks, dislocations)
(STI) What are strains? SAS and example (tears)
Occur when a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn. There is pain, swelling, discolouration. For example, a hamstring strain.
(STI) What are sprains? SAS and example
Arise from the stretching of a ligament (connecting bone to bone) There is often swelling, pain and the inability to perform joint movements. For example, ankle sprain
(STI) What are contusions? SAS and example
Bruise, interruption of blood flow to surrounding tissue. Swelling, pain discolouration, lack of mobility. For example, a concussion is a brain bruise
(STI) What are abrasions? SAS and management
Friction and trauma to the outer layer of the skin. For example, shallow bleeding as a result of falling off a bike
Bleeding, stinging, embedded materials. (Treatment requires gentle cleansing and sterilisation of the wound to prevent infection- remove embedded material)
(STI) What are lacerations? SAS and management
A wound where the flesh has suffered an irregular tear (head clash, hitting an object, sharp objects)
(Treatment requires the wound be cleaned and a dressing applied, or need to be seen by a doctor if deep for stitches)
(STI) What are blisters? SAS and management
Caused by a collection of fluid below or within the surface of the skin. They occur from a collected use of equipment or clothing. (runners get blisters on their feet and ballerinas, rowers have them on their hands)
Pain, bleeding, pus, discomfort (Treatment requires rest and possible surgical release of fluid. Soap, water, antiseptic and dressing)
(MSTI) (TIR)What is the inflammatory response?
- When soft tissue is injured, it becomes inflamed but responds by activating a self-healing process.
- May last up to 3-4 days after the injury occurs
(MSTI) (TIR) What are the 3 phases?
The acute inflammatory, the repair and regenerative phase and the remodelling phase
(MSTI) (TIR)What is the ‘acute inflammatory’ phase?
Pain, redness, bleeding and swelling, loss of mobility, increased blood flow, 6-8 hours, enact ricer
(MSTI) (TIR)What is the ‘repair and regen’ phase?
Elimination of debris, formation of new fibres, production of scar tissue, increased WBC, rapid onset 24-48 hours or 3 days-6 weeks
(MSTI) (TIR)What is the ‘remodelling’ phase?
Replacement tissue strengthens and develops in direction that the force is applied, increased scar tissue production
(MSTI) (RICER) What does RICER mean and what is it used for?
The immediate management of soft tissue injuries and ensures that the injury heals correctly and in the shortest period of time. It must be enacted in the first 24-72 hours
(MSTI) First R in RICER
Rest- by placing in a comfy position with the injury elevated and supported. This is to reduce bleeding, swelling and prevent further injury, and occurs until it can be mobilised
(MSTI) The I in RICER
Ice-Use ice in a wet towel or gel pack to reduce blood flow, pain, swelling and spasming of the injury. This occurs every 20 minutes every hour up to 4 days
(MSTI)The C in RICER
Compression- Wrap an elastic bandage over the injured area, covering both above and below the site. This is to decrease bleeding, avoid swelling. This occurs at the time of the injury and is periodically applied for at least 24 hours
(MSTI)The E in RICER
Elevate-Raise the injured area about the heart and support the injury. This decreases bleeding, swelling and throbbing. This occurs whenever possible during the day and at night.
(MSTI)The second R in RICER
Referral- Appointment with Dr or Physio, to understand, treat and rehab the injury. Whenever possible following the injury
(MSTI) What does the HARM acronym mean?
H- no heat, A- no alc, R- no running or excessive movement, M- no massaging for at least 72 hours