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Science > Optics And Vision > Flashcards

Optics And Vision Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Transparet

A

Materials that allow light to pass through. Ex. Glass air photo slides

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2
Q

Define Opaque

A

Materials that do not allow light to pass through. Ex. Metal, wood, thick plastic

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3
Q

Define reflection

A

The change in direction of a light ray.

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4
Q

Define umbra

A

The fully shaded area is an umbra

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5
Q

Define penumbra

A

The partially shaded area

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6
Q

Define specular reflection

A

A light ray reflected off of a nice smooth surface. Also known as a regular reflection

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7
Q

Define diffuse reflection

A

When a light ray reflects off of an uneven surface and scattered into many different directions

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8
Q

Define incidence

A

The angels of incidence is the distance between the incident ray and the normal.

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9
Q

Define refraction

A

When light passes through one object into another. Like light passing through air and into water, it will also change direction

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10
Q

Define concave

A

A concave mirror is a mirror with an inward curve to it. Used for eye help. This mirror will focus images and create larger images.
Examples: flashlight, telescope

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11
Q

Define convex

A

A convex mirror is a mirror with an outward curve to it. Used for eye help this mirror will bring the light to your eye from many different parts of the room
Examples: security mirror, side vehicle mirror

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12
Q

Define incidence

A

The angels of incidence is the distance between the incident ray and the normal.

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13
Q

What is in the visible light spectrum

A 
Violet-400nm
Indigo-425nm
Blue-470nn
Green-550nm
Yellow-600nm
Orange-630nm
Red-665nm
Nm means nanometer
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14
Q

Define electromagnetic radiation.

A

All forms of radiant energy is under this category

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15
Q

Define: wave length

A

The distance between the top of one wave to the top of the next rest position.

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16
Q

Define ray

A

A straight line of light is called a ray.

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17
Q

What are the properties of light

A
  • light consists of colours that can be split apart and brought back together
  • light moves outward in every direction from its light source
  • light is a form of energy
  • light is something our eyes can detect
  • light moves in straight lines
  • light can be reflected and refracted
  • illuminance decreases with distance from its source
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18
Q

Define illuminanance

A

The amount of light arriving at one place per unit

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19
Q

What are lenses

A

In the eye you have a lens that focussed light on your retina
In a camera does the same as the eye

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20
Q

What is a retina

A

The retina receives the light it sends it to the brain to then be translated into a picture.

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21
Q

What is an aperature?

A

Let us light like the pupil of the eye

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22
Q

Define pupil

A

Let’s in light

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23
Q

What is a CCD matrix

A

It is like the brain. It translates the light to an image

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24
Q

What is an iris

A

The iris controls the size of the pupil. When the pupil is large, it lets in more light. When small, lets in less light.

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25
Q

Define myopia

A

Myopia is when you are near sighted

26
Q

What is hyperopia

A

When you are far sighted

27
Q

What is the addition model of colour?

A

When you mix colours to see more colours. So when you mix yellow and green you will get yellow

28
Q

Define subtraction model of colour

A

When light hits an object that is yellow, a banana, red and green reflect to the eye and the blue will be absorbed by the object

29
Q

Define amplitude

A

The height of a wave from its middle test position to its highest point

30
Q

Define frequency

A

The number of times the number wave source vibrates in a certain amount of time

31
Q

What is bioluminescent

A

A natural light source,

32
Q

What is chemiluminescence

A

Items that glow in the dark by a chemical reaction. In a glow stick, when you crack it two chemicals mix making it glow.

33
Q

Define phosphorescence

A

These items collect light and the glow. During the day they collect light and store it until it is dark and these items glow.

34
Q

What is electroluminescent

A

When light passes through a semi conductor it emits light.

35
Q

What is a shadow

A

A shadow is an object blocking a ray from hitting the ground. There are two types of shadows, umbra, and penumbra

36
Q

What is the law of reflection

A

The angle of the incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

37
Q

What is the law of refraction

A

Light is refracted by transparent materials, and this is what male lenses so useful

38
Q

What is the focal point

A

The half way point between the centre of curvature and the mirror

39
Q

What is a ray diagram

A

A ray diagram shows the direction the path of light

40
Q

What are the primary colours

A

Red. Green. Blue

41
Q

What are the secondary colours

A

Yellow. Cyan. Magenta.

42
Q

What are cones

A

Cones are specialized cells. These cones can be separated into 3 different types. The different cones are more/less sensitives to the different colours. Red green blue
The colour you see depends on how many cones and the colour.

43
Q

What is a diagram

A

A picture that shows how something works or what we can’t see

44
Q

How is a showdown created

A

When a light ray can’t hit the ground or is blocked by an opaque object it creates a shadow

45
Q

What are the two parts of a shadow

A

Umbra and penumbra

46
Q

What are the three types of materials that light can hit

A

Transparent - glass air
Translucent - some cloth stained glass
Opaque - wood metal

47
Q

How is illuminance affected by distance?

A

It will affect it because light can’t travel as far as it wants, it will eventually get so dim that you can’t see it. The distance will matter because if you are close than it will be brighter but if you are father away it will be dimmer.

48
Q

What is light pollution?

A

When the light rays from a (ex. street lamp) bounce off of dust particles and travel up into the sky.

49
Q

What are some ways to combat light pollution.

A

There are different street lamps that direct the light more towards the ground instead of just letting it go. There is also a driving setting for you headlights.

50
Q

Define ray

A

A straight line of light is called a ray.

51
Q

What are the properties of light

A
  • light consists of colours that can be split apart and brought back together
  • light moves outward in every direction from its light source
  • light is a form of energy
  • light is something our eyes can detect
  • light moves in straight lines
  • light can be reflected and refracted
  • illuminance decreases with distance from its source
52
Q

Define illuminanance

A

The amount of light arriving at one place per unit

53
Q

What are lenses

A

In the eye you have a lens that focussed light on your retina
In a camera does the same as the eye

54
Q

What is a retina

A

The retina receives the light it sends it to the brain to then be translated into a picture.

55
Q

What is an aperature?

A

Let us light like the pupil of the eye

56
Q

Define pupil

A

Let’s in light

57
Q

What is a CCD matrix

A

It is like the brain. It translates the light to an image

58
Q

What is an iris

A

The iris controls the size of the pupil. When the pupil is large, it lets in more light. When small, lets in less light.

59
Q

Define myopia

A

Myopia is when you are near sighted

60
Q

What is hyperopia

A

When you are far sighted

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