Optho Terms Flashcards
Convergence
Turning both eyes inwards so that they are both “aimed” towards a near object.
Cycloplegia
Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation… a dilated pupil
Diplopia
Double vision
Amblyopia
Lazy Eye!
Dullness or obscurity of sight for no apparent reason.
Not correctable with glasses or surgery.
One eye becomes dependent on the other eye to focus, usually develops in early childhood.
Can lead to Strabismus
Strabismus
Eye misalignment caused by an imbalance in the muscles holding the eyeball.
Asthenopia
Eye strain
Aphakia
Absence of the lens of the eye
Anisometropia
Unequal refractive power of the eyes.
Binocular Vision
Simultaneous use of the two eyes.
Allows for a wider field of vision
Exopthalmos
bulging of the eye
anteriorly out of the orbit
Floaters
Light spots or streaks and dark moving specks due to the vitreous traction on the retina (light flashes) and solid vitreous material or blood (floaters)
Hemianopia
a blindness or reduction in vision in one half of the visual field due to damage of the optic pathways in the brain.
Hyphemia
collection of blood in eye
legal blindness
means central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the use of a correcting lens.
Limbus
The edge of the cornea, where it joins the sclera (limbus corneae)
Chemosis
the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva
Papilledema
Swelling of the optic disc caused by increased Intracranial Pressure
Pterygium
a painless non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva that lays over the sclera.
Pinguecula
Non cancerous yellowish-brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue; may occur on either side of the cornea.
Ptosis
“drooping eyelid“ caused by weakness of the muscle responsible for raising the eyelid, damage to the nerves that control those muscles, or looseness of the skin of the upper eyelids.
miosis
Constriction of the pupil
Mydriasis
Dilation of the pupil
Nystagmus
is a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced vision
Synechia
an eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia).
Scintillating scotoma
usually begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual fields, which prevents vision within the scotoma. The scotoma area flickers, but is not dark. The scotoma then expands into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.
Emmetropia
A normal state.
When parallel light rays from distant objects are in sharp focus on the retina when the ciliary muscle is completely relaxed
Hyperopia
Farsightedness.
Eyeball is too short so focal point is behind the retina.
Risk factor for glaucoma and lazy eye.
Correct with a convex lens.
Myopia
Nearsightedness.
Eyeball is too long so focal point in front of retina.
Ciliary muscle can’t relax.
Correct with a concave lens.
Astigmatism
the image in one plane focuses at a different distance from that of the plane at right angles
Basically, it’s the baseball (normal lens) versus the football (astigmatic lens)
uncorrected astigmatism can cause headaches or eye strain and distort or blur the vision at all distances.
Treat with glasses
Presbyopia
“Old Fart Eyes”
Lens grows larger and thicker
Lens becomes far less elastic
Ability of the lens to change shape decreases.
Power of accommodation. decreases to almost 0 diopters by the age of 70.
starts around age 40.
hold books and other reading materials at arm’s length in order to focus properly.
Treat with bifocals.
