Optho Terms

Question 1

Convergence

Answer 1

Turning both eyes inwards so that they are both “aimed” towards a near object.

Question 2

Cycloplegia

Answer 2

Paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation… a dilated pupil

Question 3

Diplopia

Answer 3

Double vision

Question 4

Amblyopia

Answer 4

Lazy Eye!
Dullness or obscurity of sight for no apparent reason.
Not correctable with glasses or surgery.
One eye becomes dependent on the other eye to focus, usually develops in early childhood.
Can lead to Strabismus

Question 5

Strabismus

Answer 5

Eye misalignment caused by an imbalance in the muscles holding the eyeball.

Question 6

Asthenopia

Answer 6

Eye strain

Question 7

Aphakia

Answer 7

Absence of the lens of the eye

Question 8

Anisometropia

Answer 8

Unequal refractive power of the eyes.

Question 9

Binocular Vision

Answer 9

Simultaneous use of the two eyes.

Allows for a wider field of vision

Question 10

Exopthalmos

Answer 10

bulging of the eye

anteriorly out of the orbit

Question 11

Floaters

Answer 11

Light spots or streaks and dark moving specks due to the vitreous traction on the retina (light flashes) and solid vitreous material or blood (floaters)

Question 12

Hemianopia

Answer 12

a blindness or reduction in vision in one half of the visual field due to damage of the optic pathways in the brain.

Question 13

Hyphemia

Answer 13

collection of blood in eye

Question 14

legal blindness

Answer 14

means central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the use of a correcting lens.

Question 15

Limbus

Answer 15

The edge of the cornea, where it joins the sclera (limbus corneae)

Question 16

Chemosis

Answer 16

the swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva

Question 17

Papilledema

Answer 17

Swelling of the optic disc caused by increased Intracranial Pressure

Question 18

Pterygium

Answer 18

a painless non-cancerous growth of the conjunctiva that lays over the sclera.

Question 19

Pinguecula

Answer 19

Non cancerous yellowish-brown subconjunctival elevation composed of degenerated elastic tissue; may occur on either side of the cornea.

Question 20

Ptosis

Answer 20

“drooping eyelid“ caused by weakness of the muscle responsible for raising the eyelid, damage to the nerves that control those muscles, or looseness of the skin of the upper eyelids.

Question 21

miosis

Answer 21

Constriction of the pupil

Question 22

Mydriasis

Answer 22

Dilation of the pupil

Question 23

Nystagmus

Answer 23

is a vision condition in which the eyes make repetitive, uncontrolled movements, often resulting in reduced vision

Question 24

Synechia

Answer 24

an eye condition where the iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia).

Question 25

Scintillating scotoma

Answer 25

usually begins as a spot of flickering light near or in the center of the visual fields, which prevents vision within the scotoma. The scotoma area flickers, but is not dark. The scotoma then expands into one or more shimmering arcs of white or colored flashing lights.

Question 26

Emmetropia

Answer 26

A normal state.
When parallel light rays from distant objects are in sharp focus on the retina when the ciliary muscle is completely relaxed

Question 27

Hyperopia

Answer 27

Farsightedness.
Eyeball is too short so focal point is behind the retina.
Risk factor for glaucoma and lazy eye.
Correct with a convex lens.

Question 28

Myopia

Answer 28

Nearsightedness.
Eyeball is too long so focal point in front of retina.
Ciliary muscle can’t relax.
Correct with a concave lens.

Question 29

Astigmatism

Answer 29

the image in one plane focuses at a different distance from that of the plane at right angles
Basically, it’s the baseball (normal lens) versus the football (astigmatic lens)
uncorrected astigmatism can cause headaches or eye strain and distort or blur the vision at all distances.
Treat with glasses

Question 30

Presbyopia

Answer 30

“Old Fart Eyes”
Lens grows larger and thicker
Lens becomes far less elastic
Ability of the lens to change shape decreases.
Power of accommodation. decreases to almost 0 diopters by the age of 70.
starts around age 40.
hold books and other reading materials at arm’s length in order to focus properly.
Treat with bifocals.