Opthamology Flashcards
Signs and symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis; treatment
Unilateral, not easily transmitted, mucopurulent d/c, not itchy
Treatment: topical antibiotics; erythromycin
What causes uveitis, s&s, method of diagnosis, treatment
Uveitis is usually connected to a systemic AI DISEASE (ankylosing spondylitis, UC, psoriatic arthritis). It usually causes inflammation of the ciliary body and iris. Can be anterior or posterior.
Photophobia and pain are presenting symptoms. Dx w/ slit lamp
Treat uveitis with topical steroids. Give antibiotics if infection.
Presentation and treatment of chronic glaucoma.
Open angle: Progressive Bilateral peripheral to central vision loss; may be asymptomatic otherwise. African Americans.
Diagnose with tonometry. Cupping of optic disc on exam.
Treat with topical beta blocker, topical acetezolimide, prostaglandin analogs (latanoproste), pilocarpine.
Presentation and treatment of acute glaucoma.
Medical emergency!!! Acute angle closure: rapidly increased IOP!!
This presents with a painful hard eye precipitated by being in a dark room (pupil not reactive to light- fixed at midpoint).
Dx with tonometry. Cornea will look steamy on exam and cupping of optic disc.
Treat acute glaucoma with IV acetezolimide and mannitol. Beta blocker and pilocarpine. Laser iridotomy.
Presentation, Dx and treatment of herpes keratitis.
Red painful eye.
Dx with flourescein exam showing dendritic lesion on the cornea.
Tx: DO NOT GIVE STEROIDS! Oral acyclovir, valacyclovir or famcyclovir.
Presentation, Dx and treatment of cataracts.
Progressive painless bilateral vision loss due to clouding of the cornea. Seen in older patients. Will complain about trouble driving at night or reading road signs
Dx with exam and slit lamp
Treatment is surgical lens replacement. No meds for this.
Presentation, Dx and treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
Progressive, painless bilateral vision loss.
Exam with fluorescein angiography will show neovasculature if proliferative type; treat with photocoagulation and VGEF inhibitor injections.
Nonproliferative type: manage glucose levels.
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of retinal artery occlusion.
Sudden (acute) painless unilateral vision loss.
Fundoscopy will show a pale retina with a dark macula and cherry red fovea.
Treat with 100%oxygen, ocular massage and thrombolytics within 8hours.
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of retinal vein occlusion.
Gradual painless unilateral vision loss.
Fundoscopy shows a edematous retinal with hemorrhage due to venous leak.
Treat with ranibizumab and lazer
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment retinal detachment.
Sudden painless unilateral vision loss. Usually secondary to trauma.
Pt will say it’s like a curtain coming down and may see floaters.
Fundoscopy will show retinal wrinkling.
Treatment: there are many methods to try to reattach retina to globe.
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of macular degeneration.
Progressive painless bilateral central to peripheral vision loss.
This is the MCC of blindness in the older population. Caucasians
Fundoscopy will show a darkened retinal throughout in wet type: neovasculature.
Treatment: VEGF inhibitor, ranisumimab, vitamin E &C
Signs and symptoms of viral conjunctivitis; treatment
Bilateral, easily transmittable, watery discharge, itchy, LAD.
MCC adenovirus
No specific treatment for this.
