opthalmology medicine incorrects

Question 1

name a complication of sjogrens affecting the eye

Answer 1

corneal ulceration/ perforation

Question 2

pruritis occurs in which type of conjuctivitis?

Answer 2

allergic not viral

wheezing may point towards co-existing asthma

Question 3

what is a hordeolum a nd how does it present?

Answer 3

stye = TENDER pustle or nodule on eyelid

can start off as erythema of lower eyelid first before pustule appears

Question 4

how does a chalazion present?

Answer 4

rubbery painless nodule deep to eyelid margin. most common on upper eyelid

granulomatous reaction to obstructed meibomian gland

Question 5

what is dacrocystitis and how does it present?

Answer 5

acute inflammation/infection of nasolacrimal sac

painful swelling and redness around medial canthal region, +/- purulent discharge from punctum

systemic antibiotic therapy treat

Question 6

keratitis is inflammation of cornea,
mucopurulent drianage and ulceration of cornea makes a bacterial cause more likely

Question 7

what are the mainstays of treatment for diabetic retinopathy

Answer 7

laser photocoagulation
anti vegf

Question 8

patient on treatment for tubercuosis
taking all RIPE drugs

blurry vision last 2 weeks
fuzzy area in central vision and reports colours appear less vibrant

next best step in management?

Answer 8

ethambutol discontinuation!!

it like other drugs causes toxic optic neuropathy = progessive painless symmetrical loss of visual acuity and colour vision

antimicrobials: chloroquines, sulfonamides, linezolid

antiarrhythmics: digoxin, amiodarone

chemo: vincristine, methotrexate

other toxins: alcohols, heavy metals eg lead and mercury, carbon monoxide

Answer 9

CMV retiniitis = blurred vision, floaters, flashing lights, vision loss. may cause retinal detachment. seen in HIV+ve

HIV retinopathy - cotton wool lesions that resolve, no flashes or floaters or blurred vision

syphilictic chorioretinitis = uveitis, diminished vision, meningitis

toxoplasmosis retinitis = eye pain and decreased vision, lesions appear in a non vascular distribution

Question 10

retinal detachment can be a complication of eye surgery

Question 11

how does amaurosis fugax present?

Answer 11

embolli from carotid artery
temporary vision loss