Opthalmology, Cranial Nerves and Ear exams Flashcards
Be able to name eye parts
What is this thing?
A Finoff Transilluminator
What is this thing?
Direct Opthalmoscope
Know its parts
What are the five main parts of the ocular exam?
- Distant ocular exam
- Neuro-‐ophthalmic exam
- Ocular diagnostic testing
- Schirmer tear test, Fluorescein staining, Tonometry
- Pupillary dilation
- Orbital, Ocular and Intraocular examinations
- Intraocular examination by:
- Direct fundoscopy
- Indirect fundoscopy
How far away do you stand when testing the tapetal reflex with the transilluminator?
~5-6 feet
Menace Response evaluates what?
CN 2 & 7
orbicularis oculi muscle
Palpebral reflex evalutates what?
CN 5 & 7
Vestibulo-ocular reflex evaluates what? (this one you are looking at nystagmus)
CN 3,4,6,8
The Pupilarly light reflex evaluates what?
CN 2,
parasympathetic fibers of CN 3;
retina,
iris constrictor/sphincter muscle,
mid-‐brain
The Dazzle reflex tests what? How?
CN 2 and 7
retina
rostral colliculus
involuntary aversion response (blinking, globe retraction,
third eyelid protrusion, and/or head movement) to intense light
This subcortical reflex will be present in dogs with cortical blindness
and absent in dogs with blindness due to lesions of retina or optic nerve
What is an abnormal result of a STT after a minute of testing, indicating decreased tear productin for a dog?
cat (with clincal signs)?
Dog: <15 mm/min
Cat: <5 mm/min
What setting on the direct opthalmoscope do you use to examine an eye with fluorescein stain?
Cobalt Blue cirle
T/F: I put fluorscein stain in my dogs eyes, but am not seeing any stain at the nares/pharyxn. He must have an obstruction in his nasolacrimal duct.
False
What is a normal IOP?
10-25 mmHg
How long does it take 1% tropicamide to dialate pupils?
15-30 minutes
What is a good use of time while waiting for the pupil to dialate?
Identify nictitans
Identify Meibomian gland opening on upper and lower eyelid
Observe the dorsal and lateral lacrimal puncta
Retropulse the eye to determine amount of orbital contents (should easily retropulse)
Elevate third eyelid to inspect
How do you look behind the third eyelid?
After retropulsing the eye and making the third eyelid visible, you would gently pick up the leading edge with atraumatic forceps
Indirect fundoscopy is prefred when first learned because you have a bigger field of view. What are 2 percieved downfalls of this method?
- less magnified image
- inverted and reversed image
T/F: Direct fundoscopy provides are highly magnified, upright image of a very large region.
FALSE
Direct fundoscopy provides are highly magnified, upright image of a very small region.
Which tonometers require a topical anesthetic, proparacaine?
- Indentation: Shiotz - meassures how much force to indent cornea
- Applanation: Tonopen, Accupen - measure amt of force to flatten pre-determined are of cornea. Cornea is tapped, not indented
Rebound types do NOT need anesthetic
Ex - TonoVet - Calc IOP based on acceleration and deceleration of a probe o/from corneal surface
How do you position an otoscope in an ear?
Pull the pinnae laterally and ventrally to visualize vertical ear canal (straightening “L”)
place the otoscope into ear canal
at bottom of ventral canal, drop handle of otoscope to more vertical position and advance cone into horizontal canal while looking into far field for tympanic membrane, pars tensa (gray/blue ventral), pars flaccida (white/pink dorsal)
