opthalmology Flashcards
primary open-angle glaucoma
decreasing visual acuity
peripheral visual field loss
optic disc cupping
vitreous haemorrhage
sudden visual loss in one eye
floaters and ‘cobwebs
Visual acuity is reduced to sensing light
macular degeneration
smoker reduced visual acuity 'blurred' vision central scotoma fundoscopy reveals multiple drusen
retinal detachment
flashing lights - worse on eye movement and located in the temporal visual field
upper visual field loss ‘like a curtain coming down’
central retinal vein occlusion
elderly patient, HTN, glaucoma
sudden painless loss of vision in one eye
Fundoscopy reveals multiple flame-shaped haemorrhages and optic disc oedema
central retinal artery occlusion
elderly patient with a history of atrial fibrillation
fundoscopy: ‘cherry red’ spot on a pale retina
Retinitis pigmentosa
affects the peripheral retina resulting in tunnel vision
night blindness
fundoscopy: black bone spicule-shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina, mottling of the retinal pigment epithelium
family history
Herpes simplex keratitis
red, painful eye photophobia epiphora visual acuity may be decreased fluorescein staining may show an epithelial ulcer dendritic corneal ulcer immediate referral to an ophthalmologist
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
vesicular rash around the eye,
Hutchinson’s sign: rash on the tip or side of the nose
oral antiviral treatment for 7-10 days
Argyll-Robertson pupil
syphilis or DM Argyll-Robertson Pupil (ARP) is Accommodation Reflex Present (ARP) but Pupillary Reflex Absent (PRA) small, irregular pupils (MIOSIS) no response to light response to accommodate
optic neuritis
Central scotoma
triad: visual loss, periocular pain, and dyschromatopsia (change in colour perception)
Holmes Adye syndrome
MYDRIASIS
Anterior uveitis
red eye acute onset lacrimation intense photophobia blurred vision pupil may be irregular and small. ciliary flush.
Posterior uveitis
Floaters
Subtle symptoms
