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FF2 Exam 2 > Opthalmology > Flashcards

Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 groups of tissues in the eye?

A

Adnexa and Globe

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2
Q

Define adnexa

A

Group of tissues around the eye (protect, support, and assist function of globe

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3
Q

What coordinates the eye movements?

A

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (CNS)

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4
Q

Describe the innervation of extra ocular muscles of the eye

A

Antagonistic muscles have reciprocal innervation

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5
Q

What muscles are innervated by CN III?

A

Dorsal, Medial, Ventral Rectus + Ventral oblique

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6
Q

The dorsal oblique is innervated by CN _______

A

IV

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7
Q

Which CN innervates the Lat Rectus?

A

VI

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8
Q

Which muscle forms a cone that envelopes and retracts the globe into the orbit, is absent in primates/birds/snakes and is innervated by CN VI?

A

Retractor bulbi

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9
Q

What protects the surface of the globe and spreads tears throughout the cornea?

A

Eyelids

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10
Q

What reflexes facilitate eyelid closure?

A

Corneal, Palpebral, Dazzle

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11
Q

Subcortical reflex means it is processed in which part of the brain?

A

Midbrain

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12
Q

Which glands line the lid margin?

A

Meibomian glands

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13
Q

Which eyelid is most mobile in avian and reptile species?

A

Lower

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14
Q

What is the term for eyelids sealed at birth?

A

Physiologic Ankyloblepahron

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15
Q

When do eyelids begin to open postpartum?

A

10-14 days

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16
Q

What lines the outer and inner surface of the TE?

A

Conjuctiva

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17
Q

Where is the TE located in domestic species?

A

Ventromedial

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18
Q

What is the outer oily layer produced by meibomian glands?

A

Precorneal tear film

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19
Q

List 3 functions of the tear film?

A

Hydration
Lubrication
Oxygen and nutritional support

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20
Q

What is the medical term for dry eye?

A

Keratoconjuctivitis sicca

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21
Q

List the clinical signs of dry eye

A

Mucupurulent ocular discharge, dry corneal surface

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22
Q

What is the outer/fibrous coat of the eye composed of ?

A

Cornea, sclera, limbus

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23
Q

How does the cornea stay clear?

A

Lack of vessels and pigment and non-keratinized epithelium

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24
Q

How are the corneal stroma collagen fibrils organized?

A

Lattice-like and equidistant to permit light transmission

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25
Q

Describe the cornea layers

A

Epithelium - strat squamous/hydrophobic
Stroma - hydrophilic can uptake fluorescein

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26
Q

What is another name for the corneal endothelium?

A

Descemet’s membrane

27
Q

If there is loss of protection against Stroma hydration, what happens?

A

Corneal edema

28
Q

Why are corneal ulcers so painful?

A

Cornea is highly innervated

29
Q

List some clinical signs of ocular pain

A
  • blepharospasm
  • epiphora
  • TE Elevation
30
Q

The afferent aspect of the blink reflex is by which branch of CN V?

A

Opthalmic (V1)

31
Q

What is the efferent innervation to the blink reflex?

A

Facial n

32
Q

List the portions of the anterior urea

A

Iris and ciliary body

33
Q

What is the shape of the pupil dependent on?

A

Predator vs prey species

34
Q

What structure is most common in herbivore’s anterior uvea?

A

Granula Iridica - corporta nigra

35
Q

Which muscle constricts the pupil?

A

Sphincter - parasympathetic

36
Q

What muscle opens the pupil?

A

Dilator - sympathetic

37
Q

Mydriasis =

A

dilation

38
Q

Myosis =

A

Constriction

39
Q

Why do animals have pupils of different shapes?

A

To direct light to the retina area with the most photoreceptors

40
Q

What are the 2 parts of ciliary body?

A

Pars plicata and plana

41
Q

Which part of the ciliary body contains the ciliary processes?

A

pars plicata

42
Q

Describe the function of the ciliary body

A

Produce aqueous humor and origin of zonular fibers to keep lens in place

43
Q

Where is the aqueous humor?

A

Anterior and posterior chamber

44
Q

The intraocular pressure of the eye depends on :

A

Amount of aqueous humor in the eye

45
Q

Describe fluid pathway in the eye

A

Must flow through the pupil to reach anterior chamber after being made

46
Q

Define glaucoma

A

High pressure in the eye

47
Q

Describe the anatomy of the lens

A
  • avascular
  • biconvex
48
Q

Lens function:

A

Light focus into retina

49
Q

The points where the lens fibers attach to one another:

A

Suture lines

50
Q

What is the refractive power of the lens impacted by?

A

Refractive index and curvature

51
Q

What originates from the ciliary body that accommodate the lens?

A

Zonular fibers

52
Q

An aphakic crescent can be a sign of?

A

Lens subluxation - area of pupil zone not filled by lens

53
Q

When the lens is no longer attached and may move around the chamber?

A

Lens luxation

54
Q

The lens accommodate to do what?

A

Bring image into focus

55
Q

How can accommodation occur?

A
  • changing the curvature or position of lens (symp - distance ; close - parasympathetic)
56
Q

If the ciliary muscles contract, what happens to the lens?

A

It becomes more rounded - zonular fibers relax

57
Q

What is the transparent, gelatinous material attached to the back of the eye?

A

Vitreous

58
Q

What is vitreous composed of?

A

Water, collagen, hyaluronic acid

59
Q

If you have floaters, what is that a sign of?

A

Degeneration of the vitreous

60
Q

How many layers does the retina have?

A

10

61
Q

What does the tapetum do?

A

Acts like mirror to reflect light

62
Q

Where is the lucidum/ what is it part of?

A

Choroid

63
Q

Rods are responsible for ?

A

Night vision - black and white

64
Q

Cones are responsible for what ?

A

Day vision and color

FF2 Exam 2 (9 decks)

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