Opthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Open angle glaucoma treatment 1st line

A

prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers

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2
Q

open angle glaucoma 1st/2nd line treatment

A

alpha 2 agonists

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3
Q

open angle glaucoma 2nd line treatment

A

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

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4
Q

open angle glaucoma 3rd line treatment

A

rho kinase inhibitors

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5
Q

open angle glaucoma last line (4th) treatment

A

cholinergics

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6
Q

Open angle glaucoma symtoms

A

none in early stages, then patchy blind spots in peripheral vision, vision difficulty in central vision

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7
Q

Open angle glaucoma diagnosis

A

measuring intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage testing, vision loss assessment, corneal thickness measurement, inspection of drainage canal

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8
Q

Closed angle glaucoma symptoms

A

severe headache or blurred vision, severe pain or halos around light, N/V, redness in eye/cloudy cornea

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9
Q

Closed angle glaucoma treatment

A

Hyperosmotic agents: mannitol (IV) or glycerin (PO)
Surgery: iridotomy

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10
Q

Meds that increase intraocular pressure

A

anticholinergics, chronic steroids, decongestants, antidepressants, topiramate (anticonvulsant)

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11
Q

Prostaglandin analog MOA

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

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12
Q

Beta blocker MOA

A

reduce aqueous humor production

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13
Q

alpha 2 agonist MOA

A

increase aqueous humor outflow AND reduce aqueous humor production

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14
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA

A

reducing aqueous humor production

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15
Q

Rho kinase MOA

A

increasing aqueous humor outflow

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16
Q

Cholinergic MOA

A

increase aqueous humor outflow

17
Q

Prostaglandin analog drugs (1 drop QHS)

A

Latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost (PROSTs)

18
Q

Beta blocker drugs (1 drop QD or BID)

A

betaxolol, timolol, carteolol, levobunolol (OLOLs)

19
Q

Alpha 2 agonist drugs (1 drop TID)

A

aprachlonidine, brimonidine, lumify (brimonidine) (ONIDINEs)

20
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs (1 drop TID)

A

dorzolamide, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide (ZOLAMIDEs)

21
Q

Rho kinase inhibitor drugs (1 drop QPM)

A

netarsudil + latanoprost

22
Q

Cholinergic drugs (1-2 drops TID or QID)

A

carbachol, pilocarpine

23
Q

glaucoma risk factors

A

corneal thickness, eye injury, use of steroids, hypertension, bad vision, diabetes, sickle cell anemia

24
Q

eye drop administration in patient with contacts?

A

take contacts out, reapply after 15 minutes

25
Q

how long between administration of multiple doses of the same eye drop?

A

5 minutes

26
Q

how long between administration of multiple types of eyedrops

A

10 minutes

27
Q

How long between 2 ointments

A

30 min

28
Q

How long between eye drop and ointment?

A

eye drop first, wait 10 min then administer ointment

29
Q

prostaglandin analog warnings and side effects

A

warning: eyelash thickening, darkening around the eyes
Side effects: blurred vision, stinging, light sensitivity

30
Q

beta blockers contraindications and side effects

A

Contraindications: sinus bradycardia, heart related conditions, bronchospastic disease
Side effects: blurred vision, stinging, bradycardia, breathing problems

31
Q

alpha 2 agonists warnings and side effects

A

warnings: CNS depression
side effects: blurred vision, dry eyes, xerostomia, sedation/confusion, conjunctival hyperemia

32
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors warnings and side effects

A

warnings: sulfonamide allergy
side effects: blurred vision, burning, blepharitis, taste disturbances, ataxia, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, metabolic acidosis

33
Q

rho kinase inhibitors side effects

A

burning, corneal disease, conjunctival hemorrhage, conjunctival hyperemia

34
Q

cholinergics warnings and side effects

A

warnings: caution in pts with history of retinal detachment or corneal abrasion
side effects: corneal clouding, pupil constriction, hypotension, bronchospasms, cramping in abdomen/GI distress