Opthalmology Flashcards
Open angle glaucoma treatment 1st line
prostaglandin analogs, beta blockers
open angle glaucoma 1st/2nd line treatment
alpha 2 agonists
open angle glaucoma 2nd line treatment
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
open angle glaucoma 3rd line treatment
rho kinase inhibitors
open angle glaucoma last line (4th) treatment
cholinergics
Open angle glaucoma symtoms
none in early stages, then patchy blind spots in peripheral vision, vision difficulty in central vision
Open angle glaucoma diagnosis
measuring intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage testing, vision loss assessment, corneal thickness measurement, inspection of drainage canal
Closed angle glaucoma symptoms
severe headache or blurred vision, severe pain or halos around light, N/V, redness in eye/cloudy cornea
Closed angle glaucoma treatment
Hyperosmotic agents: mannitol (IV) or glycerin (PO)
Surgery: iridotomy
Meds that increase intraocular pressure
anticholinergics, chronic steroids, decongestants, antidepressants, topiramate (anticonvulsant)
Prostaglandin analog MOA
increase aqueous humor outflow
Beta blocker MOA
reduce aqueous humor production
alpha 2 agonist MOA
increase aqueous humor outflow AND reduce aqueous humor production
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA
reducing aqueous humor production
Rho kinase MOA
increasing aqueous humor outflow
Cholinergic MOA
increase aqueous humor outflow
Prostaglandin analog drugs (1 drop QHS)
Latanoprost, bimatoprost, travoprost, tafluprost, bimatoprost (PROSTs)
Beta blocker drugs (1 drop QD or BID)
betaxolol, timolol, carteolol, levobunolol (OLOLs)
Alpha 2 agonist drugs (1 drop TID)
aprachlonidine, brimonidine, lumify (brimonidine) (ONIDINEs)
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs (1 drop TID)
dorzolamide, brinzolamide, acetazolamide, methazolamide (ZOLAMIDEs)
Rho kinase inhibitor drugs (1 drop QPM)
netarsudil + latanoprost
Cholinergic drugs (1-2 drops TID or QID)
carbachol, pilocarpine
glaucoma risk factors
corneal thickness, eye injury, use of steroids, hypertension, bad vision, diabetes, sickle cell anemia
eye drop administration in patient with contacts?
take contacts out, reapply after 15 minutes
how long between administration of multiple doses of the same eye drop?
5 minutes
how long between administration of multiple types of eyedrops
10 minutes
How long between 2 ointments
30 min
How long between eye drop and ointment?
eye drop first, wait 10 min then administer ointment
prostaglandin analog warnings and side effects
warning: eyelash thickening, darkening around the eyes
Side effects: blurred vision, stinging, light sensitivity
beta blockers contraindications and side effects
Contraindications: sinus bradycardia, heart related conditions, bronchospastic disease
Side effects: blurred vision, stinging, bradycardia, breathing problems
alpha 2 agonists warnings and side effects
warnings: CNS depression
side effects: blurred vision, dry eyes, xerostomia, sedation/confusion, conjunctival hyperemia
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors warnings and side effects
warnings: sulfonamide allergy
side effects: blurred vision, burning, blepharitis, taste disturbances, ataxia, confusion, photosensitivity, nausea, metabolic acidosis
rho kinase inhibitors side effects
burning, corneal disease, conjunctival hemorrhage, conjunctival hyperemia
cholinergics warnings and side effects
warnings: caution in pts with history of retinal detachment or corneal abrasion
side effects: corneal clouding, pupil constriction, hypotension, bronchospasms, cramping in abdomen/GI distress
