Opthalmic

Question 1

Explain visual pathways

Answer 1

Temporal visual field falls on nasal retina

Cross over of nasal retinal fibres at optic chasm

Question 2

Symptoms of visual disturbance?

Answer 2

Loss of vision, visual field defect, flashing light, floaters, double vision, droopy lids, pain

Question 3

Causes of red eye?

Answer 3

HIGI

1. Infection e.g conjunctivitis
2. Subconjunctival haemorrhage - spontaneous (anticoagulant, high BP)
3. Iritis - inflammatory process
4. Acute glaucoma - painful red eye w/ decreasing vision

Question 4

Cause of visual loss?

Answer 4

CORD DG

1. Cataract - opacity of lens
2. Macular degeneration - age related change
3. Retinal detachment - retina becomes deprived blood - flashing light and floaters
4. Central retinal artery occlusion
5. Diabetic retinopathy
6. Chronic glaucoma

Question 5

Difference between wet and dry macular degeneration?

Answer 5

Wet - new blood vessel growth

Dry - deposit of drusen

Question 6

How does diabetic retinopathy cause blindness?

Answer 6

Microvascular change in retinal vessels
Vessels can become leaky = retinal oedema
If macula affected - retinal ischaemia