Opthalm Flashcards
How should amaurosis fugax be treated?
Treat as TIA with 300mg Aspirin.
What is a relative afferent pupillary defect?
Abnormal response in optic neuritis; affected eye dilates when light is shone on that eye.
What is the treatment for orbital cellulitis?
Straight to IV Antibiotics.
What are the symptoms of vitreous hemorrhage?
Floaters.
What are the symptoms of posterior vitreous detachment?
Flashes and floaters.
What condition is keratoconjunctivitis sicca associated with?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
What does drusen indicate?
Dry macular degeneration.
What are the symptoms of Holmes Adie syndrome?
Dilated pupil, females, absent leg reflexes.
What are angioid retinal streaks associated with?
Paget’s disease.
What pain medication is recommended for mild-moderate renal impairment?
Oxycodone; buprenorphine for severe renal impairment.
What can hyoscine hydrobromide be used for?
To treat secretions.
How do beta blockers like timolol work in primary open-angle glaucoma?
By reducing aqueous production.
What is the treatment for headaches caused by brain metastases?
Dexamethasone.
What is benzydamine mouthwash used for?
Good for mouth pain.
What is chlorhexidine mouthwash used for?
For infections.
What is the most significant risk factor for macular degeneration?
Smoking.
What is the difference between scleritis and episcleritis?
Scleritis is painful; episcleritis is not.
What is a characteristic finding in retinitis pigmentosa?
Black bone spicule shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina.
What conditions can cause a red eye?
Glaucoma or uveitis?
What are the symptoms of glaucoma?
Severe pain, haloes, ‘semi-dilated’ pupil.
What are the symptoms of uveitis?
Small, fixed oval pupil, ciliary flush.
What is keratitis associated with?
Contact lens wearers and hypopyon.
What condition features angioid retinal streaks?
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum.
What is a symptom of photocoagulation?
Decrease in night vision.
What is fluorescein angiography used for in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)?
To look for neovascularization.
What does keratitis present with?
Eye discharge.
What is the first line treatment for blepharitis?
Hot compresses and mechanical removal of lid debris.
What is Hutchinson’s sign?
Tip of nose indicates ophthalmic shingles.
What are flashes and floaters commonly caused by?
Posterior vitreous detachment.
What type of drug is memantine?
NMDA receptor antagonist.
What is the Argyl Robertson pupil associated with?
Syphilis; pupil reflex absent (PRA) and accommodation reflex present (ARP).
What are the symptoms of retinitis pigmentosa?
Night blindness and tunnel vision.
What is the treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy?
Laser photocoagulation.
What is bevacizumab?
A monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
What is the mechanism of action of timolol?
Reduced aqueous humor production.
What is the mechanism of action of latanoprost?
Increased outflow.
What is Anti-Ri associated with?
Breast cancer.
